African American and American Society Essay

African Americans No matter where or when a person lives, skin color, beliefs, class, or history he/she will see a difference in the way every ethnic group is treated. This world has never been fair for anyone. Life can treat a person with the greatest of care or it will treat a person as if he/she is lower than dirt. African Americans are no different. They have faced great hardships and triumphs throughout the years. Since they had been forced from their homeland they have been treated as if they had no rights or thoughts of their own. They were placed in the status of slaves even though they were human beings too. No matter if they were placed in the minority group by the dominate majority group of white Americans they remind structurally pluralism by keeping to their beliefs and traditions. Before and after slavery African Americans did not receive equal treatment. â€Å"Even when slavery ended, Jim Crow laws went into effect meaning that the very best of everything was reserved for white’s only-school, jobs, neighborhoods, hospitals, etc. † (Moore, 2008). In other words, the African Americans took the subordinate status to the dominant white Americans. Their race was used to dictate what rights they would be allowed to have in America. At one point, they did not have the right to be free and over the years they were given that right back. Even though they regained their right to be free, they still were not very free. They were only allowed to eat in certain places, drink from certain fountains, and ride in the back of the bus. This is not what would be called very free. They were not even given the opportunities to receive a quality education or to vote. â€Å"With the 1896 Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the separate by equal doctrine was upheld, and the system of segregation in the South was securely in place† (Merger, 2012, pg. 169). When it came to getting a quality education, they were placed at the bottom of the totem pole. The whites receive the best opportunities for receiving a quality education while the African Americans were not. It was not until the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case that African Americans were allowed a better education. â€Å"Separate schools were inherently unequal and imposed an inferior status on black children, causing irreparable psychological change† (Merger, 2012, pg. 173). The rights as citizens were also being denied by not allowing them to vote and make a proper living to take care of theirfamilies. Years ago, African Americans were not allowed to vote, so they had no say in the laws that were made that would deny them their rights as American citizens or human beings. This kept them from changing the laws that kept them from achieving economically and politically. The Civil Right Movement began a new era for African American. It was their gain of the right to vote and be elected to office that gave the some power over their rights as human beings and citizen in the economic and political environment. Even after everything that the African Americans have gone through, they still face prejudice and discrimination in all areas of their lives. It is no wonder that for some it feels as if it is never over. No matter what a person looks like, how he/she talks, their beliefs, where he/she lives, how much money he/she has, or what race he/she may come from we all bleed red and where cut from the same cloth. We all deserve to have the opportunities and resources that are out there to help better ourselves. African Americans are human beings too and they have the same rights as everyone else.

Pygmalion: Transform and Eliza

Jackson Wise English 4 4A October 15 2012 Metamorphoses in Pygmalion Pygmalion is a play written by George Bernard Shaw that is based on a poem called Metamorphoses, written by Ovid. The play and the poem are very similar in the themes, but the actual stories are not alike. Ovid’s version of Pygmalion is about a sculpture and its creator who falls in love with a woman who he created and brings her to life. Shaw’s version of Pygmalion is about a low-class flower girl who is turned into a beautiful, polite lady. Although the play and the poem are fairly different, the theme is the same.The main theme for Pygmalion is that transformation is possible for anyone through hard work. Eliza, Higgins and Mr. Doolittle all go through different kinds of transformation (Yeates). Pygmalion is a Cinderella story about how Eliza Doolittle goes through a drastic transformation from a street person to appearing as a duchess. Eliza, as the main character, is described as a nasty looking p erson working on the streets as a flower girl. Her clothes are torn, her hair needs washing, and she is very dirty compared to other ladies.However, her distinguishing characteristic that draws Henry Higgins’ attention is her horrible accent while struggling to speak proper English. Eliza is a good girl; there is no discussion of lack of morals or criminal behavior in her. She wants to improve herself, she hopes to transform into a lady (Pygmalion). She meets a man named Henry Higgins who offers English speech lessons. She goes to Higgins with high hopes but is treated terribly. To Higgins, Eliza reminds him of trash; â€Å"Shall we ask this baggage to sit down or shall we throw her out of the window? (Shaw 59) Higgins thinks it over and makes a bet to a man named Pickering, saying that he could completely change this flower girl into a beautiful, polite lady. Their result is a metamorphosis. She has been transformed into a lady; she has manners, behavior, and diction. Higgi ns and Pickering want to show off their success with Eliza, so they all go to a ball. Eliza comes in looking like a princess. She dances the special waltz and many people guess that she is royal Hungarian blood. She even convinces Neppomuck, a European phonetics expert. Another transformation in this play is the changing of Mr.Higgins. Higgins is an arrogant, stubborn bachelor with no use for women, who transforms throughout the story. He claims that she was simply a challenge: â€Å"Never lose a chance: it doesn’t come every day. I shall make a duchess out of this drag tailed guttersnipe† (Shaw 62). Higgins does transform and slowly starts to like having her around. He becomes accustomed to her and grows fond of her, but will not swallow his pride to keep her. He is mean spirited and cruel to Liza throughout the play; he is probably cruelest to himself since his pride makes him lose her.The last transformation in this play is Eliza’s father. Mr. Doolittle also transforms along with Eliza and Higgins. He is originally a poor, low-class man who tries to sell his daughter to Higgins. Higgins gives him money for Liza, and in the end of the play, Mr. Doolittle comes back to Higgins upset. He is mad that he has forced himself into the middle class: â€Å"Done to me. Ruined Me. Destroyed my happiness. Tied me up and delivered me into the hands of middle class morality† (Shaw 190). So, two of the men were unintentionally transformed.Transformation is the significant theme of the play and myth, Pygmalion. In Ovid’s poem/myth, transformation is displayed by how in love the sculptor is with his woman statue that eventually is transformed into a real woman from the help of the mythical god Venus. A metamorphosis is expressed in more than three ways in Pygmalion and it is also displayed in the myth as well. The three characters discussed all experience transformation. Eliza worked so hard to become the proper flower shop lady she dreamed of being. Higgins changed in spite of his stubbornness.Mr. Doolittle developed a conscious and maybe â€Å"did a little†. These three types of metamorphosis show that anyone of any class can learn and work to change. Works Cited â€Å"Pygmalion†. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012 . Shaw, Bernard. Pygmalion. New York: Brentano, 1916 Yeates, Amelia â€Å"Recent work on Pygmalion in Nineteenth-Century Literature† The Author. Journal Compilation Volume 7, Issue 7, pages 586–596, July 2010

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 20

Sociology - Essay Example When broken by age, data collected and compared shows increase for the 18-24 population, decrease for 45-64 group, with 25-44 and 65 or older groups showing no significant change. Regionally, people in the Midwest are more likely to participate in elections than people from other regions. At the same time, Midwest region also saw a decrease in voter numbers, together with the Northeast. The only increase in voters was recorded in the South, with West recording unchanged rates. The Bureau, also collected responses from voters that did not participate and voted and four main reasons for that were- schedule or people being too busy to go to polling places, ill, disabled or having family emergency, 13% believed that their vote would not make a difference and, finally, a similar percentage just did not like the candidates or campaign issues. For the purpose of this paper I have selected to interview my high school Social Studies teacher. She is a middle age, educated, white person with liberal views. I have known this person for years and always appreciated her opinion and input. We have met in her school office and spoke for hour and a half on December 5th. The interview took place in after-school hours, as she was kind to dedicate some of her free time for this conversation. The interview was very informal but at the same time very informative as she, often times, is an opinioned and critical about our system of democracy. The first question I posed to her was whether she was a registered voter and whether she votes on regular basis. The answer to this was a simple yes and yes. Next, I asked why does she vote and what voting means to her ? After this question, I got more detailed response. She said that she votes because voting is one of the privileges of our democracy. At the same time, she emphasized that voting is not just a right we, as citizens of the US, have, but it

Advertising Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising Research - Essay Example The different academic disciplines help in understanding these differences among the consumers. In this paper, three academic disciplines and their role in advertising research would be discussed. Psychology, perhaps, has the greatest role to play in Advertising research. The main purpose of advertising is to attract the customer and increase awareness of the brand through advertisement. In order to attract the customer, advertisers needs to understand the minds of the consumer. Consumers, nowadays, have placed a barrier around themselves and they have a cynic attitude towards advertising (Nyilasy and Reid, 2009). However, this has not changed anything. Advertisers still use advertising to reach and the customer. Many of the ads that consumers are exposed to make no impact on the product sales but sometimes an ad connects with the consumers and product sales increase directly as a result of the advertisement. An advertising connects with the consumer when it understands the consumer. Thus, understanding the consumer is vital. Psychology helps in understanding the consumer and it plays the role of effectively targeting the right consumer. Often research on a certain topic helps understand the consumer better and this then helps in improving advertising in the future. For instance, an apparel store can conduct a research on the impact on sales after using celebrity branding. This would help the advertisers to understand whether celebrity branding does impact the sales of the product. If it does, the store can use celebrity branding often to improve their sales. Thus psychology helps in advertising research by answering the simple question: Why do consumers behave the way they do? This is then used to make advertising more effective (Reijmersdal, Neijens, and Smit, 2009). Sociology is the study of human behavior within the society. Humans like to consider themselves as part of a group or a community and in order to understand a person, it is important to

Development of Research Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Development of Research Questions - Essay Example fact Open Doors report provided by the Institute of International Education (IIE), recorded an increase of 3% to 690,923 of student enrolment during the 2009/10 academic year. So it is crucial how the courses are introduced so that the international students can follow the curriculum given the two most common challenges they have to face; that of having a grasp over English and the associated stress due to culture shift. And when the students are pursuing a highly technical course like accounting, the learning difficulty multiplies. For it is typically assumed that all students are familiar with the basic concepts of accounting, its core definitions, and main transactions. But the general perception of accounting courses among students is that they are difficult to study, and students are expected to work hard to succeed in these courses. One of the big reasons is the difficulty with English comprehension. For this special group of students, which usually enter on F-1 visa, English i s a second language and it is imperative that they master it in order to understand and grasp complex accounting matters. Typically, these students need to make extra effort to connect what they just learned and what it should mean. As a result, complex accounting material becomes even more complicated for this particular group to do well and succeed in the accounting courses. The anticipated research study will be conducted on various issues and opportunities that this unique group of students experience while taking accounting courses namely coping with English and its impact on academic performance, the consequent stress of being in a new culture and the intervention services that could be extended to them. Therefore the proposed dissertation topic is as follows: â€Å"International students in accounting course in the U.S: Challenges & opportunities†. The impact of foreign students on the educational industry in America could not be ignored both in terms of the financial aspects

The impact of University Center Cesar Ritz students expenditure on the Essay

The impact of University Center Cesar Ritz students expenditure on the local community of Brig - Essay Example This mini â€Å"United Nations" truly represents the international aspect of the hospitality industry. The faculty and staff of UCCR are here to assist the students and guide them to achieve academic excellence. This environment may also help the educators in hospitality management to enhance their professional abilities and knowledge to guide and educate future professionals â€Å"who are mentally equipped to face current and future challenges with regards to the internationalization of hotels† (Velo & Mittaz, abstract, 2006). In turn, they aid the students by giving them the capital to implement transformational leadership methods and techniques to face the new challenges (Gil, Flaschner & Shachar, abstract, 2006). Unlike other hotel schools, UCCR focuses on the management aspects of the hotel & tourism industry, and prepares the students for supervisory and managerial positions. It is an objective, which Ricci and Tesone (2006) describe in their abstract as the importance of certain knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes, as well as their competencies. University Center Cesar Ritz was originally founded in Switzerland in 1982 under the name Hotelconsult SHCC, which represented a hotel chain management. By 1986, after the death of Cesar, under the management of his wife, the Hotelconsult, transformed the hotel into Cesar Ritz Foundation which operates and manages a chain Ritz hotel and an education institution to teach young people the hospitality management and trade. The name Cesar Ritz was adopted as a legacy of one of the founders of the hotel industry and the owner of the Hotelconsult SHCC. In the section of â€Å"Founders of the Hotel Industry,† Cesar Ritz is described as â€Å"a hotelier at the Grand National Hotel in Lucerne, Switzerland. Because of his management abilities, â€Å"the hotel became one of the most popular in Europe and Cesar Ritz

Honeynets implementation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Honeynets implementation - Case Study Example To ascertain the effectiveness of the project in administering the foresaid role, I have done sufficient research about the reliability and convenience of the system in managing the task and have found it much viable and efficient. The research done covered a wide scope including monitoring and getting feedback with those already with the system. I have also done hypothetical hacking techniques and in all the cases, the project has proved beyond hacking. I therefore strongly recommend the project for your institution to cushion form such possible attempts. Best regards. Executive Summery During the month of February, we received a formal communication to design a system security than would be hackers proof since the existing one was frequently being intruded in. It did not provide a resistant guard to hackers. Following this communication, we designed a study to help the company in the following ways; I. Keeping intruders outside the production system in disguise while they think the y are inside the main production system. II. It recognizes any intrusion attempt. This is because any operation found within it can only be from an intruder. III. Cheaper to manage; it can be virtually supported as opposed to those that are physically supported. IV. Recognizing and storing the pattern taken by the intruders to help our experts advance a quick counter response. During the month of February, hackers intruded into the production line system of the company. As a result of the intrusion several information were altered within the production system and the company lost very crucial operational and management data. In this regard, the company is estimated to have lost about $ 150,000. As a result of our in depth feasibility study, we established the following criterion for the system to be adopted; a) Can be virtually supported b) It has significantly low cost of maintenance c) It gives the identity of the hackers d) It is difficult to penetrate by hackers In this regard, we want to confidently appeal for company’s management to ratify the new security system and engage it for the next six month during which they will observe the number of attempted hacking without success in the main system. It is at this time that it will prove inevitable to avoid. Abstract The need to prevent hackers from succeeding in their quest is one of the investments being done by most of the organizations. Organizations do invest in various systems that will ensure that their insider information is not leaked to the unauthorized persons or that the unknown does not manipulate the organization’s data. Various systems have therefore been floated in response to the conduct. The lingering question is the viability of the system employed to succeed in the intended purpose, we made a proposal to your organization in this regard where we intended to implement the Honeynet project. Research was done about this project in terms of how successful it is and the informati on collected is

Why living in the city is better than living on a farm Essay

Why living in the city is better than living on a farm - Essay Example lot more exposure to a harsh and cruel outside world than the farm, which cushions a man and does not let him interact with the atrocities of the modern world. Nonetheless, both these areas have their own advantages and disadvantages as discussed further. A man that grows up living in the city can see all the lights around him; he is exposed to the tumultuous expression of emotions, is able to meet all kinds of different people, is able to cater to different surroundings which include an environment outside the zone of his comfort level, and is able to mould himself with respect to the people and society that he lives in. Growing up on a farm is very much different than the city and does not provide as much experience or challenge to a man. A country life helps a man grow in a very agrarian and slow manner which helps him grow accustomed to a more traditional and conventional way of living and thinking. Technology has surely taken a modern turn on farms nowadays as well, however, that does not stop people from not being exposed to a lot more culture in cities than they do on farms. Taking for example, a man growing up in a city like New York as compared to one growing up on the soft farms of Alabama; The city will be able to provide many more opportunities in terms of career and education prospects and will help the man understand himself and discover himself while being in the company of a lot more interesting people and cultures. People growing up in the city are also subject to many more people migrating and coming in from abroad and thus are able to have a more worldly perspective on life. Furthermore, they are able to access new forms of communication, information and technology and thus are able to gain a better perception of everything around them and are able to adapt to newer situations in a much better manner than people belonging to farm areas. In conclusion, growing up in a city is much better than growing up on a farm mostly because of the kind of

Prime Minister Essay Example for Free

Prime Minister Essay As he walked up the rickety stairs to the graveyard, his hand flaking the paint off the banister, listening to the thunderstorm overhead, Jake felt apprehensive. He was startled by the rustling of the autumn leaves in the bitter wind and the dancing of their shadows cast by the orange street light. He had left his friends house in a good mood but that was long gone as he sensed the peril that he was in. It was back. A creature had been following him on or off for weeks now and Jake could hear the sound of two extra footsteps a few metres behind him. He turned around but, as always, there was no one there. He knew he was not imagining it, but he didnt want to tell his family or friends as they would just laugh at him. While turning round once more he and thought he caught a glimpse of something, too big for a dog but too small for a human. He broke into a run and knew that his follower had done the same. He looked round and saw that his assailant was now making no effort to hide. The ground was being eaten up by this monster like creature that was pursuing him and he knew there was no hope. His screams for help filled the air but it was too late for there to be anyone out to hear him. He looked around for any means of protection and saw a stake with a note about the up-and-coming Easter egg hunt in the graveyard. Wrenching the stake from the ground, he turned to face his attacker; seeing how close the monster was too late. The creature was right at the end of the stake and as he collided with it, the stake went straight through his right shoulder. As Jake looked down at the victim that was now pinned to the ground by the stake he saw its coal-black cape, its milky-white fangs and his blond hair and blue eyes in the reflection off its pale white eyes. He started to run, as what he saw was a creature that he had thought only appeared in nightmares. It was a vampire! Â  As the sweat ran down his wrinkled face, the Prime Minister struggled to answer the last question concerning the rising number of murders in populated towns and cities. He knew that this new problem was going to be hard to solve and could cost him his job but he would do his best. He left the interview in a hurry, trying to get away from all the questions. As he finally got out the door, ignoring the crowd of reporters with their cameras flashing at him, his personal assistant rushed to his side and told him that he had urgent news from the Minister of Defence. He walked, wearily, but briskly, to his office and picked up the phone to his colleague. Prime Minister, I have urgent news regarding our current problem, he explained with a tone of graveness in his voice, We have video evidence of one of the creatures that are committing these assaults. Creatures? the Prime Minister asked, wondering if his colleague had made a mistake. Yes. We appear to have the first ever sighting of vampires in the world. I think we should try to get hold of one of them to question it. Yes, of course, please keep me informed of any more news that comes in, the Prime Minister stuttered incredulously, his face turning white at the thought of vampires on the loose. He knew that whatever it was that had to be done had to be done quickly, or else the whole population was in danger. The Minister of Defence had had a hard day. His phone had been ringing all day with enquiries from police stations all over the country. He was glad that he had finally found out the nature of the problem that the nation was facing. He knew that the Prime Minister was under extreme pressure but he was seriously losing faith in his ability to cope with this crisis. He was looking older every day, his good looks gone and his famous, lush brown hair was now grey and clearly thinning. The stress of his job was taking its toll and some of his recent decisions had been so questionable that the Press was having a field day. He knew that his doubts were shared, not only by the members of the Cabinet but by a large section of the population. As the phone started ringing once more, he cursed and picked it up knowing that it would be from another Police Officer in some part of the country asking for advice on what to do with another victim of an assault. That is why he was surprised by what was said.

Evaluate own role in life long learning Essay Example for Free

Evaluate own role in life long learning Essay Evaluating My own Role and Responsibilities in Lifelong Learning To evaluate my own role and responsibilities as an assessor I need to be honest with myself as well as brave. I have a good understanding of my role and responsibilities, but to improve I need to become a reflective practitioner which can only be achieved if I am prepared to evaluate my own performance [ Petty.G pg 527]. By using Kolb’s learning style model, I realise it’s useful concepts can help me understand how my learning behaviour can help others to learn. My role is to communicate effectively with the learners, but do I? Recently I was helping a learner prepare for his functional skills writing assessment. I explained to him how to layout a letter, which side your address goes on which side the recipient’s goes on etc. After the assessment I was informed he had put his address on the wrong side at the top of the page. Did he not hear what I said? Did he forget? Easy to blame the learner, but did I explain well enough and what did I do to confirm his understanding? Poor performance is sensitive subject, but if I’m not prepared to face up to my failures then I can’t expect my successes to be acknowledged either.[Petty.G Pg518] So I have concrete experience of contributing to a learner loosing marks on his assessment. Now I need to reflect on the experience and think how effective was my teaching, obviously not good in some areas but his greetings, layout, structure and ending were good so I was effective in other areas. At this stage of abstract conceptualisation, I ask myself why was I good and effective in some areas, and not in others. Here I think about the methods I used, and do I need more question to confirm understanding, maybe some fun activities. This is when the final stage of the cycle kicks in, it’s when I plan active experimentation. Here I decide how I can do things differently, what new methods shall I try that will produce improved results, and maybe take that brave step into the unknown with new material. Being self critical is not enough though, it’s my responsibility to get direct and indirect feedback when I can, learner questionnaires, college observations also indirect feedback can be just as effective, this can be collected during training or assessment through observation. Maybe learners are not engaged, making no eye contact, separate conversations carrying on the classroom, all good  feedback. I use my CPD records to detail my development. Today I was observed and my folders were quality checked by our Internal Quality Assurer, who also spoke with learners and gave me verbal and written feedback. IQA records I keep a long with minutes and details from our standardisation meetings, where we have the opportunity to liaise with other trainers, teachers and lean practitioners. I keep all Individual Learner Plan where records of initial assessment are recorded, where any needed support has been identified and details of planned and actual reviews are written. Reference List Petty.G. (2009) Teaching Today Fourth Edition, Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes LTD www.cardiff.ac.uk/isru/educationalandtraining/infolit/hilt/section8.1.doc 23/03/14

Looking At The Childrens Literature English Literature Essay

Looking At The Childrens Literature English Literature Essay Childrens Literature plays a vital role in determining the society to its sublimity. Children are no more considered as vulnerable, but as solid pillars of the world. There lies an imperative in nurturing the young minds with healthy thoughts and disciplined behaviors. Childrens literature is continued to be seen as a crucial resource in nurturing the childs progress from basic literacy to a level of critical and cultural literacy necessary for effective adult life (Hollindale, 18)  [1]  . As Lens Unsworth has pointed out Margaret Meeks notion, it is the kinds of texts that children have access to and the kinds of interactions experienced around texts that influence the kind of readers they become (5)  [2]  . Literature written for children offers enjoyment, stirs imagination and inspiration, gives a vicarious experience by viewing situations from perspectives other than their own. Literature helps children to gain an appreciation of the universality of human beings, and unde rstand the oneness of all human beings, though bounded with multicultural way of living. Literature with moral reasoning gives an experience for young people to formulate their own concepts of right and wrong and build a morally actuated life. Research in Childrens literature offers the opportunity for a meticulous examination of the literature of the child and it links the child, the author, the text, and the world outside literature. Researchers have created an enthusiasm to study the rhetoric or form by accepting the self contained world of the text. Analysis of euphony, rhythm, or meter, style and stylistics, symbol, image, metaphor, and mythic elements are common in such type of studies. There are also a group of linguistic scholars who might define their work as examining what is said and how it is said (Vandergrift, 26, 37)  [3]  .The work of every scholar varies in the approach made to the literary text, the present study views the famous works of Ruskin Bond with a psychological point of view, analyzing the Psychosocial factors in Ruskin Bonds selected short stories. 1.2 Defining Childrens Literature Childrens literature forms the soul of a nation. Childrens literature is a body of written works primarily for the purpose of entertainment and information for children from birth to adolescence, covering topics of relevance and interest to Children of world classics literature, picture books, and story books precisely written or orally transmitted materials for readers categorized under the age of thirteen (www.britannica.com).  [4]  Childrens literature is that body of writing and accompanying illustrations, primarily composed for young people (249)  [5]  A common definition of Childrens Literature is defined in two ways, literature that is written for children and chosen by or for children. Separating it for a particular group alone will never give the clear definition, valuing their content and quality will make the definition stronger. 1.2.1 The Content Contents are important in defining Childrens Literature. Childrens books are about the experiences of both good and bad. The subject matter of the Childrens Literature can either be in prose or poetry. Experiences of past, present, or future; whether enjoying a birthday party, getting a new pet, losing a tooth for the first time or even dealing with the family problems are common experiences faced by the children today. Contents of various topics such as monsters, dinosaurs, dragons, fighter planes, natural disasters, which may not be a part of the childhood lessons, are still included for their interest. Fantasy or reality, the interest and dreams of Children never decrease. The more children learn about the world, the better chances to realize about themselves. Paul Hazard says in his book about the appeal of children to the adults: Give us books, give us wingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Show us fairies strolling about in the moonlight. We are willing to learn everything that we are taught at school, but, please, let us keep our dream (Hazard, 4).  [6]   David in Author and Artists states that every childs story should present images of the world they are to venture, and David supports this with the words of C.S. Lewis, Children ought to be produced with the knowledge that the world has events of violence, death, wounds, and adventures. There should never be a false impression made that the world is a peaceful place. The world has mixed personalities and children are to deal with villains, ruffians or cruel enemies in the stories. Knowledge of all these from the stories during their childhood days may prevent them from falling into the darker side of life. Let writers produce stories with wicked kings and beheadings, giants and dragons and let tragedy of villains be present at the end of stories. Dreadful events or people will cause a little fear, but will always help children to become courageous. (twilightswarden.wordpress.com)  [7]   1.2.2 The Quality Literature with quality has to do with creativity, significance of the ideas, artistic use of the language, and beauty of literary and artistic style which keeps the work fresh and meaningful forever in the minds of young readers. There are some exceptions; books which have never won any literary prizes are still the best Childrens books that offer readers enjoyment as well as memorable characters and valuable insights into the human condition. Pushkin Passey in summing up Ruskins essay The Lamp Is Lit says, And there are many brave and good Indian writers, who work in their own language be it Bengali or Oriya or Telugu or Marathi or fifteen to twenty others and plough their lonely furrow without benefit of agent or media blitz or Booker prize. Some of them may despair. But even so, they work on in despair. Their rewards may be small, their readers few, but it is enough to keep them from turning off the light. For they know that the pen, in honest and gifted hands, is mightier than the grave.  [8]   Until the 20th century, Childrens Literature was the medium through which children had a privilege to learn the culture of different nations and people groups. Today children have the access to digital media, so childrens books are now only of several sources of socializing material, of education, information, commentary, and entertainment albeit an important one (Emer OSullivan, 5)  [9]   1.3 The History and Development of Childrens Literature Childrens literature has got its name from the mid half of the nineteenth century and still there is a doubt on the history of its origin. The earliest History of Childrens literature began with the oral tradition. The older people narrated their experiences with several imaginations of entertainment to the younger ones, though the language and dialects varied according to the location, the written form of those stories took ample amount of time but had a good beginning. The History of Childrens Literature crossed various major milestones including the oral tradition, there was a scarce for the printed books for the children to write because of the expense to print a book was much. Before the Puritans influence William Caxton the first English printer published Recuyell of the History of Troy (1474), and was also responsible for the first editions of The Fables of Aesop, Reynard the Fox and Le Morte Darthur. Though these editions were made for the adult audience, children were intere sted and attracted in reading them. (Gillespie,13)  [10]  . The instructional books opened with the letters of the alphabet, as well as a short catechism. Around 1538 in London, Thomas Petyt published a primer which included the alphabet, a table of vowels and syllables, prayers and a grace for meals. Horn books, letter boards shaped like the paddles later known as battledores, included the Lords Prayer, an invocation to the trinity, the vowels, a table of syllables, and nine digits. Other forms of teaching the alphabet included needle samplers and gingerbread, which was printed with the designs of the letters. The home page of Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society briefs more on the history of this literature. The first picture book in 1659 was especially designed for children by Charles Hoole. .By the end of Eighteenth century some cheap booklets known as the Chapbooks were sold, this included the popular folktales like the Robin Hood, Dick Whittington, and the Arabian Nights became available for both adult and child ren.  [11]     Prolific writers like Walter Crane, Kate Greenaway and Ralph Caldecott contributed the best during their period. Walter crane the most prolific writer and influential Childrens book creator of his generation worked in developing designs and picture books for children with Edmund Evans, a famous publisher in London and also for the house of George Routledge Sons (Walter Crane)  [12]  . The age of Puritans was the earliest to create a bulk of childrens books. Childrens literature in this age covered religious and moral education. James Janeways A Token for Children: Being an Exact Account of the Conversion, Holy and Exemplary -Lives and Joyful Deaths of Several young Children (1672) showed growth in the spiritual life in spite of the physical weakness. John Bunyans A Book for Boys and Girls (1686), Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe (1719), Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels, John Locke and others were great contributions of Childrens literature during the consecutive years. John Ne wberry The Father of Childrens Literature was the first to introduce the printed books to the literary market. A Little Pretty Pocket -Book and Little Goodly Two-Shoes by Newberry was the first to be published in London. Nineteenth century monthly magazines were serialized with alphabets and words or a rhyming verse accompanied by an image for each letter. Harry Potter (1997) by J.K. Rowling gained immense popularity and in the end of 2011 about 450 million copies were sold. 1.4 Childrens Literature in India India is referred as the cradle of Childrens literature because of its rich oral tradition and the Panchatantra. In India Childrens literature has been there from ancient times. Oral fiction started with Panchatantra, a compilation of Vishnu Sharma to innocent young princes, but covetous. Panchatantra an ancient collection have served as the core for the growth of many Indian writers and story tellers in English. Panchatantra is the first piece of literature and a moral literature for youngsters. Folktales and folklores were available in different languages and dialects. Folks were proposed on the culture and traditional values of that particular society and were orally transmitted from one generation to the next generation. Another type of oral fiction was the lullabies, short songs sung during the bed times for infants and children. The infant melodies were composed with rhyming words and pleasant music for the infants to hear. Later, not all but some are transformed in written for ms. The literatures written in Sanskrit, the historical Indo- Aryan language contains works of poetry, drama, dharma texts and also the scientific, technical, philosophical texts. The ancient religious literatures are found in Sanskrit. Stories like the Jataka tales and Panchatantra had great impacts and inspiration for the successive writers. Though Childrens Literature was found in abundance in this large nation with its rich culture and heritage, only after the British colonial rule it was separated as a different genre for Children. Missionaries from England were the first to introduce teaching in a foreign language and it was a new eye opening to the Indians. Many religious literature and famous books of great men were translated in English. Translations of Childrens literature to the Indian children were mostly from the popular western literature. The colonizers language had given a great imprint in the minds of the Indians and works of the English writers became popular after the British rule in India. Literature from both the West and India were accepted though contradictory representations of realisms were there the Indian Child took the western as Modern and Indian as traditional. The western writers who had once influenced the minds of children lost their sway when the works of Indian writers were published meeting the intellectual needs of children. The childs perception of changing values has an impact on its reading interest. They look for more realistic and self centered themes. As Prema Srinivasan in her book Childrens fiction in English in India -Trends and Motifs writes generally progressive views on self fulfillment have displaced conventional conceptions of heroism and the fleeting comfort afforded by the happily ever after tags is discarded in favor of a more realistic rounding off (3)  [13]  . Around 1930 onwards story books were especially written for children. Association of Writer and Illustrators for Children (AWIC) 1981 has published stories poems plays and other library projects wholly for Children. The foreign organizations like International Book Fair and The Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) provided a great exposure for the growth of Childrens literature in India (www.awic.in)  [14]  . Childrens literature in English in India had its good set up brought up by the eminent writers like R.K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Manoj Das, Sigrun Srivastava, Manorama Jafa, Arun Kumar Dutta, Shashi Deshpande, Jacqueline Singh and many others. Writers in regional language like Amir Khusro, Mirza Ghalib, Dr Zakir Hussain and Qudsia Zaidi in Urdu, Prem Chand in Hindi, Rabindranath Tagore, Upendrakishore Roy Chowdhury, Sukumar Ray, Satyajit Ray, Ashapurna Debi and Mahasweta Devi in Bengali, K.P. Kesava Menon, M. T. Vasudevan Nair in Malayalam, T. P. Kailasam in Kannada and a host of others (www.tulikabooks.com  [15]  ). Presently childrens literature has acquired an important place in India, several books trusts, and organizations are established to increase the literature for the young learners. National Book Trust (NBT), National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Childrens Book Trust (CBT) and other organizations produces new books to benefit the children of present generation. Recent Childrens Literature development projects were strengthened by publishers like Tara publishings, Tulika Publishers, DC Books, and Childrens Books Trust. Non-profit organizations like Pratham and Katha books have contributed in producing books of good content and also books in affordable prizes for everyone to buy. 1.5 Genres of Childrens Literature Genre is category of literary composition. It is a specific Category of artistic or literary accomplishment by form, technique and subject matter. Childrens literature has deserved its own genre to show a difference between the adult literatures in other terms the young adolescent literature (YA lit). The variety of books with different content created for Children on their interest are classified into separate categories. Childrens books are generally classified by the following genre illustrated in the table. Genres of Childrens Literature Poetry Prose Nursery rhymes Lyric poems Narrative poems Fiction Non fiction Fantasy Realism Concept books(including counting books) Information books Biographies Folk Literature Modern fantasy Realistic Fiction Myths Epics Legends Fables Fairy tales Literary fairy tales Animal fantasy Magical fantasy Heroic fantasy Science fiction Family stories Friendship Adventure/survival stories Mysteries Animal stories Sports stories Historical stories The selected short stories The Blue Umbrella, the Angry River, the Dust on the Mountain falls under the category of Realistic Fiction .Realistic Stories are didactic in nature, they teach morality and manners as well as entertain and educate. Experiences of Children are dual in nature, days of happiness and nights of sorrows. The younger generation of this world expects the protagonists to be real heroes and over comers of different entanglements. Real life situations are ready to be ventured by the children. These Realistic fictions refer to stories that could happen to mankind or would happen to people in the future. Marshall considers various components of realism in Literature: (60)  [16]  . Factual realism- descriptions of facts about actual people, class, and places are recorded accurately in a book. Situational realism- realism provided by situation that is not only possible but also likely to happen with identifiable characters making the events believable. Survival stories of life threatening situations are examples that are included in situational realism. Emotional realism- stories that deals with feelings and relationships. Social Realism- fictions that portray the society in both healthy and adverse conditions. Contemporary Realism-stories that describes the present condition focusing on social hazards such as alcoholism, racism, poverty, calamities and homelessness, mental disabilities, alienation from the main stream of society. In general, realistic fictions deal with topics drawn from all aspects of life, either adverse or favorable. The works of Ruskin Bond are from his unconditional love for India, the beauty in nature, choice of simple subjects and simplicity in expression are unique. Though most of his works are simple in subject and expressions, approaching his works in a psychological perspective gives a new meaning for the hidden truths. The selected short stories of Ruskin Bond portray adverse and discouraging social situations, such as homelessness, loss of objects, lack of parental care, death and others, yet these stories permit some cause for optimism. Ruskin Bond portrays Children as suffering protagonists and the conclusion is designed showing ways to trust and understand that problems are part and parcels of life and easy to overcome. Realistic fiction stories are made up of themes relevant for children. The earliest realistic stories such as Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe, books by John Newberry, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are classical examples of Realistic fiction stories. A new period of realistic fiction arouse after 1950s .Stories of unhappy endings, unpleasant constructions, inclusive of antisocial and controversial topics became permissible in children books. Realistic fictions changed the world of Childrens books. The theme of realistic stories provides ways of getting matured by facing and overcoming fears. Emotional experiences such as fears may be caused by external forces as well as internal dangers. In some of the short stories of Ruskin Bond young protagonists are valiant fighters made to overcome a physical or mental danger which is proportionately a measure to the maturing process. Realistic fictions are often with life threatening events, displacements, abandonment and others which reflect contemporary life will encourage, inspire and challenge students towards adulthood (Emer O Sullivan 130-35)  [17]  . 1.6 The Author: Ruskin Bond 1.6.1 The Childhood days Ruskin Bond an honoured contemporary author holds the best place among the modern writers of India. Owen Ruskin Bond the eldest son of Aubrey Alexander Bond was born on May 19th, 1934 at kasauli, a hill station near Sanawar, Himachal Pradesh. Bonds life was miserable; his Sister Ellen who was a little handicapped lived with her grandmother, his younger brother William lived in Calcutta. Bond stayed for a few months in all the cities where his father as a British Officer in Royal Air Forces moved from one station to another. The paternal grandfather of Ruskin Bond, Herbert Williams (1863) came to India as a foot soldier, married Gloriana Elizabeth Enever (1870), a German orphan. Five children were born in different cantonment towns in India. Herbert William died at the age of fifty leaving their children at a very young age. Gloriana (1902) the sister of Aubrey died at a young age and younger sister Alma Eveline (1903) died in an air crash just before the World War II. Later Bonds Fat her took his career in teaching. 1.6.2 The Early Anxieties When Bond was almost eight his mother Agnet Clark remarried another man from Dehradun, Mr.Hari. In some of his works like The Funeral and Once Upon a Monsoon Time he blames his mother for leaving his father during the days of his sickness and leaving Bond alone. Ruskin Bonds youth was terror stricken days, his parents unhappy married life, the sufferings and death of the dearly loved father, and loneliness had a great effect in his life. The positive adaptations of the depressed experiences are expressed in his works. At a young age being deserted by his mother was traumatic. The scrambled family life became worse as his loving Father A. Alexander died when Bond was ten. (Amita Aggarwal, 1)  [18]  . Bond was ill-fated to miss his fathers funeral. The only inheritance was the final letter written by his father anticipating the arrival of Bond for the summer vacation. After the death of Alexander, Bond felt insecure and neglected when he visited Agnet Clark the first time. Unhappy days and quarrelling with his mother gave him shelter in the train platforms and park benches. Then Bond made his way to London and began his career.( http://www.certified-easy.com).  [19]   1.6.3 The Career of Ruskin Bond Bond started his career as a junior clerk in a solicitors office at Jersey, then in a travel agency without any proper experience took over the third job in carrying pay packets to the workers in the Channel Island. The Room on the Roof, helped him to be awarded with The John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize (1957) and lighted bond career into a self esteemed position. It was the right beginning with all trivial experiences that made Bond to portray and express his thoughts in various genres of Literature (Amita Aggarwal, 3). 1.6.4 Works and Achievements Ruskin Bond the pioneer of Childrens literature in India remains a tremendous writer and his contributions are several. Bonds first novel The Room on the Roof (1956) won him John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, a major British Literary prize in 1957 and Sahitya Academy Award for his novel Our Trees Still Grow in Delhi (1991). After his first award bond decided to stay in India and began his writing career successfully spanned it for more than five decades. The government of India awarded him the Padmabhushan title for his English Literature for children in 1999.one of Bonds famous work The Angry River was published in India, France, Germany, Denmark and Italy. Bonds works are of great interest to children, the protagonists are none other than the children themselves. For instance in The Blue Umbrella, the little girl Binya thinks that her beautiful Umbrella is a treasured possession and thinks very proud that she has got the best umbrella in her village. In the Hidden Pool winning a beetle rac e is as great as winning a big tournament. The animal stories are also of great interest, the Grandfathers Private Zoo , Tiger Tiger Burning Bright , and others stories are pleasure giving to children and factual. Bond has written several novels like, Vagrants in the Valley, A Flight of Pigeons and Delhi is Not Far, and a collection of essays like The Lamp Is Lit, poems, more than five hundred short stories and Childrens books. Bond has written some articles with varying topics from ghosts to buffaloes, and some of them were published in The Sunday Statesman, The Hindu and the Tribute. Ruskin Bond caused a great influence in the tender hearts of children, the government has added some of his works like, The Night Train at Deoli, Time Stops At Shamli, and Our Tree Still Grow In Dehra. Some of his works are adapted into movies. The Flight of Pigeons was adapted into a Merchant Ivory movie, Junoon, in 2007 his famous work The Blue Umbrella was made into a film and the movie won the National Award for Best Childrens film. (www.readingrainbow.in)  [20]   Being a famous writer there are some darker sides of life that are expressed in his novellas. The selected short stories are chosen with a reason to show that there are psychological aspects (factors) of both biological and social are mentioned. The loss/distress/ anxiety caused by the factors are studied/ analyzed with the Object Relation theorist D.W. Winnicotts concept. The characters and their plot best suit the experiment of psychoanalysis. Bond has not written novellas with an attitude of entertainment but also for information/lesson for the readers. The selected short stories have immense information for both the society and family in making the younger generation to build a healthy nation. 1.7 The Three Short Stories 1.7.1 The Blue Umbrella- The story is set in a small village where Binya the heroine had two cows, Nellu the blue grey cow and Gori the white fair one. Like most mountain girls Binya was quite sturdy, fair skinned, with pink cheeks and dark eyes and her black hair tied in a pigtail. She wore pretty glass bangles and a leopard claw necklace. This lucky charm was traded for a pretty, frilly, blue, silk, umbrella which was like a flower, a great blue flower that sprung upon the dry brown hillside. Most of the people were envious on Binyas umbrella. The richest man in the village Mr. Ram Bharosa tried to possess the treasured possession of a poor cultivators daughter. This deceitfulness and the treachery encountered to Binya marks the climax of the story. Old Bharosa named as the trusty umbrella thief was excommunicated by the society, underwent a transformation and renowned his name Ram the trustworthy.Binya though younger than Bharosa, was yet a warm giver of her treasured possession. Bharosa too complemented the umbrella for a silver pendent with a bears claw which was even luckier than the leopards claw. Binya sang and walked home through the darkening glade. The trees stood still and listened to her and the mountains were glad. (Ruskin Bond The Blue Umbrella  [21]  ) 1.7.2 The Angry River- The story starts with the description of a big river and the small island in the middle of it, with a small family of Sita, her Grandfather and Grandmother. Three goats, some hens and a small vegetable garden were their possessions. The family lived in a small house with three sides made out of mud, and the other side of the wall was mounted on a big rock. Monsoon has started and there were possibilities of a flood. The old man and his sick wife with the three goats rode swiftly on the river and reached the other bank making their way to the hospital at Shanganj. The little heroine is left alone and her misfortunes started. The rain started pouring out, and the water level increased, village flooded; things were floating, a drowned buffalo being carried rapidly downstream (The Angry River 29). Sitas worst fears increased. River roared higher and their little house was drowned in water. Her only refuge was the tall Peepul tree. Rain poured unabated, her only companion friend Mumta, a little doll stitched with the rag cloths was carried by the forceful current of the river. Sita felt the pain in her arms and at a moment of losing her grip from the branch, she heard a voice reaching out to help and it was Krishna. After tuff turmoil throughout the night Krishna takes her to Shanganj. The next day Sita saw the dazed look in the eyes of the old man, Sita made out that her Grandmother is no more. Grandfather and Sita returned to the island after few days and rebuilt the mud hut. Sita planted a mango tree hoping that she will feast one day sitting on it. Her new companion friend returned playing the flute for her. Sometimes the river is angry, and sometimes it is kind, said Sita. We are part of the river said the boy. We cannot live without it. It is a good river, deep, and strong, beginning in the mountains and ending in the sea. (Ruskin Bond 83, The Angry River).  [22]   1.7.3 The Dust on the Mountain- The summer scourged, the dry winter season began, the hill side was brown and the fields were bare. Bishnu the little protagonist had a lean ox ploughing the hard ground with an old plough. The forest fire was rampant and thousands of Himalayan trees were perishing. The family waited for the monsoon but not a glimpse of symptoms for the rain. The fatherless family waited long to survive the barrenness, nothing to store for the upcoming winter. Bishnu, the man of his family decided to step out and earn money, took a two days journey to Mussoorie and found a job in the cinema tea stall. With a warning to handle the cups and plates carefully Bishnu is fixed at fifty rupees a month. A little servant with family burden worked serving tea and samosas, even kicked on the shin by a college student for having spilt tea on the students shoes. Bishnu managed the cruelty for the sake of the family. After the month of September Bishnu and Chittru set out for limestone quarries which is an eight m ile journey from Mussoorie. They neared the quarries; the limestone dust

The Anglo-Saxon poems, The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lamen

The Anglo-Saxon poems, â€Å"The Wanderer,† â€Å"The Seafarer,† and â€Å"The Wife’s Lament† The Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, era of England lasted from about 450-1066 A.D. The tribes from Germany that conquered Britain in the fifth century carried with them both the Old English language and a detailed poetic tradition. The tradition included alliteration, stressed and unstressed syllables, but more importantly, the poetry was usually mournful, reflecting on suffering and loss.1These sorrowful poems from the Anglo Saxon time period are mimetic to the Anglo-Saxons themselves; they reflect the often burdened and miserable lives and times of the people who created them. The Anglo-Saxon poems, â€Å"The Wanderer,† â€Å"The Seafarer,† and â€Å"The Wife’s Lament,† are three examples how literature is mimetic, for they capture the culture’s heroic beliefs of Fame and Fate, the culture’s societal structure, and religious struggle of the Old English time period: making the transition from paganism to Christianity. In order to understand how these poems mirror the Anglo-Saxons’ lives, one must know a little history about the culture. In the fifth century, the inhabitants of the island of Britain hired German mercenaries to defend them against their warring neighbors, the Picts and the Scots. 2 After having defeated the enemies, the pagan Angles, or Saxons, revolted against their former allies, the Britons, killing everyone, no matter what their status or occupation, destroyed towns and buildings, and drove out Christianity, the Britons’ religion. The conquerors were Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Franks, and Frisians, but they all had a similar culture so they became known as Anglo-Saxons. 3 Anglo-Saxons set up Germanic kingdoms, each one ruled by a lord. In the... ...Norton & Company, 1975. B. Journal Articles Bruce, Alex. â€Å"Exploring the Soul: The Wanderer’s Search for Meaning.† Matheliende. Volume III, Number I (Fall, 1995). http://parallel.park.uga.edu/~abruce/mathiii1.html C. Web Sites Anglo-Saxon England. Internet WWW page, at URL: http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?ti=761572205&sid=26#s26 Anglo-Saxon Life—Kinship and Lordship. Internet WWW page, at URL: http://www.britainexpress.com/History/anglo-saxon_life-kinship_and_lordship The Anglo-Saxon Period. Internet WWW pate, at URL: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/3878/Saxon.html English Literature. Internet WWW page, at URL: http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=761558048 St. Vede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Internet WWW page at URL: http://www.ocf.org/OrthodoxPage/reading/St.Pachomius/bede1_15.html

UML and its fit in the business community :: essays research papers

UML in the Business Community In the modern world, business analysts use UML as a communication tool to relay business needs to the IT professionals. What is the Unified Modeling Language (UML)? Here is a definition of UML according to the Object Management Group (OMG) specification. â€Å"The Unified Modeling Language is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system. The UML offers a standard way to write systems blueprints, including conceptual things such as programming language statements, database schemas, and reusable software components.† First I will start out with a brief discussion on the history of UML. I will then briefly go over the different modeling aspects. Last, I will cover the different UML diagram types. What do you get when you take the different concepts of Booch, OMT, OOSE and Class-Relation then integrate them all into one single modeling language? Do you give up? You create a common and widely usable modeling language such as UML. UML strives to be the standard modeling language which can monitor both concurrent and distributed systems. According to Wikipedia, the OMG has in fact made UML into an industry standard by calling for information on object-orientated (OO) methodologies that might create a rigorous software modeling language. Many industry leaders answered this calling to help create the standard. There are three different aspects of the modeled system which are handled by UML. These three modeling aspects are the functional model, object model and the dynamic model. The functional model is concerned with how the system functions from the user’s point of view. This model includes use case diagrams. The object model deals with the structure and substructure of the system using objects, operations, associations, and attributes. This model includes class diagrams. The dynamic model deals with the internal behavior of the system. This model includes sequence diagrams, activity diagrams and statechart diagrams. There are many types of UML diagram types. These diagram types consist of use case diagrams, class diagrams, collaboration diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart diagrams, activity diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Use case diagrams are used to obtain system requirements from a user’s perspective. The use case diagram can be thought of as an interaction that a user has with a system to achieve a goal. Class diagrams represent static structure of the classes and their relationships in a system. Interaction diagrams consist of both sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams.

Child Psychology

A Child Psychologist generally specializes in understanding, preventing, diagnosing and treating emotional or behavior problems in children. A Child Psychologist evaluates and treats emotional or learning disorders in children. This work can be done in a private, clinical, or public sector and counseling practice or in school and other learning environments. They are engaged in the study of the psychological processes of children and adolescents, particularly, how they are different from adults in their psychological development.Many Child Psychologists specialize in abuse counseling, learning development, speech disorders or general practice. Child Psychologist Educational Requirements Anyone wishing to practice as a Child Psychologist should check the requirement for certification and licensing in their state. In most states, an Ed. S. in School Psychology or School Counseling is needed to work in a school. Most Child Psychologists earn a Doctor of Psychology or a Ph. D. in Child P sychology.These degrees equip individuals with the skills necessary to meet minimum certification requirements, including a thesis and graduate study. A 1-year internship is necessary for anyone looking to practice in a clinical setting, counseling or school psychology. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/Child_Psychologist_Job_Duties_Employment_Outlook_and_Educati onal_Requirements. html) Personal Qualities And Abilities Needed To become a Psychologist you will need to be:Patient, Caring, Good Listener, Good Communication Skills, Good Presentation Skills, Know Knowledge In A Scientific Way, Hard Working, Understanding, Polite, and Helpful. Working Conditions And Possible Places Of Employment About 34 percent of psychologists are self-employed, mainly as private practitioners and independent consultants. Employment growth will vary by specialty; for example, clinical, counseling, and school psychologists will have 11 percent growth; industrial-organizational psychologists, 26 perc ent growth; and 14 percent growth is expected for all other psychologists.Acceptance to graduate psychology programs is highly competitive. Job opportunities should be the best for those with a doctoral degree in a subfield, such as health; those with a master’s degree will have good prospects in industrial-organization; bachelor’s degree holders will have limited prospects. (http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos056. htm) Advancement Opportunities Psychologist can start out from being in school to becoming an intern. Then from an employee to earning a raise.Then from an employer to opening a private practice. Wages And Benefits Psychologist Benefits: High Annual Salary Psychologists in clinical, counseling or school-related roles make an average of $70,190 a year, reports the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, www. bls. gov. Furthermore, industrial-organizational Psychologists, who are often employed as consultants by businesses, can earn six-figure incomes as they gain experie nce. Additionally, school psychologists can make over $40,000 in their first year, reports Payscale. com.Clinical Psychologists in private practice can set their hourly fees as high as market demand allows. Psychologist Benefits: Knowledge of Human Nature In order to be successful in their jobs, Psychologists must have a keen understanding of human nature. During school, they are taught many different theories of human behavior as well as various therapeutic techniques. Psychologists can informally apply their training to events that occur in everyday life to create more harmonious relationships with others. Psychologist Benefits: Flexible Work HoursPsychologists new to the field or those who work for schools, businesses and other organizations aren't usually able to set their own hours, but Psychologists in private practice can. They can determine when to set appointments with patients. Many Psychologists in private practice choose to work evenings, mornings or weekends, depending on personal preference. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/What_are_the_Benefits_of_Being_a_Psychologist. html) Median annual wages of wage and salary clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were $64,140 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $48,700 and $82,800. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $37,900, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $106,840. Median annual wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were: Offices of other health practitioners| $68,400| Elementary and secondary schools| 65,710| State government| 63,710| Outpatient care centers| 59,130| Individual and family services| 57,440| Median annual wages of wage and salary industrial-organizational psychologists were $77,010 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $54,100 and $115,720. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,690, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $149,120. Job Outlook For The Future The jo b outlook for Child Psychologist is pretty good for the future. There will still be people with issues and problems. As the population grows, there will be even more troubled people or people who seek marriage counseling. Address For Additional Information http://www. childpsychologist. com/ Child Psychology A Child Psychologist generally specializes in understanding, preventing, diagnosing and treating emotional or behavior problems in children. A Child Psychologist evaluates and treats emotional or learning disorders in children. This work can be done in a private, clinical, or public sector and counseling practice or in school and other learning environments. They are engaged in the study of the psychological processes of children and adolescents, particularly, how they are different from adults in their psychological development.Many Child Psychologists specialize in abuse counseling, learning development, speech disorders or general practice. Child Psychologist Educational Requirements Anyone wishing to practice as a Child Psychologist should check the requirement for certification and licensing in their state. In most states, an Ed. S. in School Psychology or School Counseling is needed to work in a school. Most Child Psychologists earn a Doctor of Psychology or a Ph. D. in Child P sychology.These degrees equip individuals with the skills necessary to meet minimum certification requirements, including a thesis and graduate study. A 1-year internship is necessary for anyone looking to practice in a clinical setting, counseling or school psychology. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/Child_Psychologist_Job_Duties_Employment_Outlook_and_Educati onal_Requirements. html) Personal Qualities And Abilities Needed To become a Psychologist you will need to be:Patient, Caring, Good Listener, Good Communication Skills, Good Presentation Skills, Know Knowledge In A Scientific Way, Hard Working, Understanding, Polite, and Helpful. Working Conditions And Possible Places Of Employment About 34 percent of psychologists are self-employed, mainly as private practitioners and independent consultants. Employment growth will vary by specialty; for example, clinical, counseling, and school psychologists will have 11 percent growth; industrial-organizational psychologists, 26 perc ent growth; and 14 percent growth is expected for all other psychologists.Acceptance to graduate psychology programs is highly competitive. Job opportunities should be the best for those with a doctoral degree in a subfield, such as health; those with a master’s degree will have good prospects in industrial-organization; bachelor’s degree holders will have limited prospects. (http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos056. htm) Advancement Opportunities Psychologist can start out from being in school to becoming an intern. Then from an employee to earning a raise.Then from an employer to opening a private practice. Wages And Benefits Psychologist Benefits: High Annual Salary Psychologists in clinical, counseling or school-related roles make an average of $70,190 a year, reports the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, www. bls. gov. Furthermore, industrial-organizational Psychologists, who are often employed as consultants by businesses, can earn six-figure incomes as they gain experie nce. Additionally, school psychologists can make over $40,000 in their first year, reports Payscale. com.Clinical Psychologists in private practice can set their hourly fees as high as market demand allows. Psychologist Benefits: Knowledge of Human Nature In order to be successful in their jobs, Psychologists must have a keen understanding of human nature. During school, they are taught many different theories of human behavior as well as various therapeutic techniques. Psychologists can informally apply their training to events that occur in everyday life to create more harmonious relationships with others. Psychologist Benefits: Flexible Work HoursPsychologists new to the field or those who work for schools, businesses and other organizations aren't usually able to set their own hours, but Psychologists in private practice can. They can determine when to set appointments with patients. Many Psychologists in private practice choose to work evenings, mornings or weekends, depending on personal preference. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/What_are_the_Benefits_of_Being_a_Psychologist. html) Median annual wages of wage and salary clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were $64,140 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $48,700 and $82,800. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $37,900, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $106,840. Median annual wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were: Offices of other health practitioners| $68,400| Elementary and secondary schools| 65,710| State government| 63,710| Outpatient care centers| 59,130| Individual and family services| 57,440| Median annual wages of wage and salary industrial-organizational psychologists were $77,010 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $54,100 and $115,720. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,690, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $149,120. Job Outlook For The Future The jo b outlook for Child Psychologist is pretty good for the future. There will still be people with issues and problems. As the population grows, there will be even more troubled people or people who seek marriage counseling. Address For Additional Information http://www. childpsychologist. com/

Internship Proposal

Topic: Several Suggestions to Develop a Custom Training Plan for Department of Forest Protection of Hanoi Statement of the Problem Organizations are formed with their employees/staffs or their Human Resource. The basic objective of a group is using its HR effectively to reach its target. One of the most important areas of Human Resource Management is training. The way that the enterprise builds and applies the training and developing program would affect not only the current productivity but also the development in the future of the company.Despite the role of training staffs, this work has not been paid much attention. Even though the staff training plans of Hanoi Forest Protection Department have worked effectively, there are some weaknesses that need to be improved. This study targets in defining and suggesting solutions for those. Purpose and Scope of work The purpose of this study is to determine the current problem in training programs in Hanoi Forest Protection Department. The study will evaluate the importance of training plans and their impact to organization’s development.Besides, basing on the collected data and information, some suggestions would be proposed to improve the Group’s current issues. Source and methods of data collection 1. Collecting Data Primary Data: – Send and collect the printed sheets that have about 10 questions around the current training programs of the organization. * Interview a staff of Human Resource Department of the organization Secondary Data: Search and get information from textbooks, Internet, old reports and other channels. . Research Methods: There are numerous ways to get information. In my report, the research methods used are: literature searches, talking with people and personal interviews Literature search  involves reviewing all readily available materials such as internal company information, annual training reports, annual training plan, company literature and any other supplied materia ls. Besides, I also used website searching and library literature search to gather information.Talking with people is another way to get information. I had conversations with graduated students and friends, who have experience in interning in state enterprises or do research about development and training program. They all feel free to share their experience and the important issues. That helps me a lot to finish this report. According to an expert, personal interviews involving one person interviewing another person for personal or detailed information are a way to get in-depth and comprehensive information.That is the reason for why an interview with a Human Resources staff of the organization was arranged. The interviewer was asked questions from a written questionnaire and the answers were recorded verbatim. Research Questions: 1. What is the major Human Resource Training program in Department of Forest Protection of Hanoi and how were they implemented? 2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the current training program? 3. How could those programs be improved? ( give suggestions) Preliminary Outline 1.Acknowledge 2. Executive summary 3. Introduction a. Topic: â€Å"Some suggestions to improve the Human Resource Training Program in Hanoi Forest Protection Department† b. Rationales c. Research questions d. Scope e. Methodology 4. Body Chapter 1: Introduction of the Organization * Establishment and Development * Business Areas * Organizational Structure * Current Problem in Human Resources Training Program of the Organization Chapter 2: Theoretical framework 1. Human Resource Management and Human Resource Training 2.The role of Human Resource Training in Organizations 3. Issues in Training Plan * Training demand/ objective/ selection * Building training plan * Training methods * Fee * After training evaluation 4. Factors affect training program and its result 5. Requirement of Group’s Training Improvement Chapter 3: Findings and Analysis * Current situation of Training Program in Hanoi Forest Protection Department * Training Process in Hanoi Forest Protection Department Chapter 4: Recommendation 6. Conclusion 7. Appendixes 8. References

Web Quest

Context clues Directions: Answer each question for the politician Huey Long. Use the internet and your favorite search engine to answer each of the questions. Each complete response for each author is worth 5 points 1. What was happening politically during the time this author was writing? During his time, there was poverty and homelessness due to the Great Depression. 2. Where was the author located? What nationality is the author? He was located in Louisiana and his nationality was the US 3. When was the author born? And, when did he die? August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935 . What kinds of social problems would the author have observed? Name and explain three. It also extends to the ends his strategies and schemes for dealing with the social problems he identified by redistributing wealth. He didn't like the rich, and he expanded the freeway system.. redistributing wealth 5. What novels, short stories or articles did the author write which reflected those problems? List a m inimum of two. Every Man A King and My First Days in the White House 6. What were the author’s political beliefs and how might they have shaped his writing?He was highly liberal and very anti-Standard Oil. He pushed high taxes and wealth redistribution. 7. Did the author earn his living through writing alone or did he earn an additional income doing something else? What was the alternative employment if any? Huey Long earned money in many jobs. He won a debating scholarship, he spent four years as a traveling salesman, selling books, canned goods and patent medicines, as well as working as an auctioneer. In 1915, he passed the state bar exam in Louisiana and began private practice.

Analysis of “Their Eyes Were Watching God” Essay

The search for one’s identity is as poignant for the fictional character Janie as it was for former slave Frederick Douglass. Douglass used education to form an independent identity, which would separate him from the white slave masters. In contrast, Janie attempts to construct a dependent identity through marriage to each of her three husbands. With the death of her final husband Tea Cake, she plants the seeds he left behind, symbolically proving that she has grown as the seeds will grow and she is now a woman with her own identity. Janie’s first husband Logan does not understand that like any plant, Janie needs room to grow. He gives Janie material advantages through his sixty acres of land, but does not know how to treat her as his wife and not a servant. The reader receives a glimpse into his heart as he sobs while shouting his suspicion that she is planning to leave him, proving that he does want to please her. Through their lack of communication, however, Janie feels that the relationship is dead and leaves to marry Joe Starks, whom she believes will always provide her with springtime. Joe Starks gives her material wealth as well as a prominent position in the community for the price of her ultimate subservience. He is a jealous husband so she is not allowed to let her hair down in the store for fear that other men might covet it, and he refuses to let her take part in the community gatherings outside the store. After seven years of marriage and constant submission, Janie reflects on their relationship, realizing that â€Å"She wasn’t petal-open with him anymore.† As in her first marriage, Joe wants someone who will serve him and fill the role of the mayor’s wife, not an equal partner. While married to Joe she can only be the mayor’s wife and receive respect through his position instead of receiving respect for herself. Janie’s final marriage to Tea Cake teaches her to love herself, though at first she still is dependent upon having a man around for a sense of identity. She places great importance on his desire to play checkers with her and it seems as though Janie will always need a man beside her for fulfillment. Tea Cake shows her to love each aspect of herself. Janie comments on their blooming relationship during the hurricane, â€Å"If you can see the light at daybreak, you don’t keer if you die at dusk. It’s so many people never seen de light at all.† Janie’s light is her newfound ability to realize her worth. When Tea Cake is bit by the mad dog and attempts to bite her Janie saves herself, knowing that he loved her more. At the novel’s conclusion Janie says, â€Å"Two things everybody’s got tuh do fuh theyselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin’ fuh theyselves.† Thus power of truth for Janie is not book knowledge, but rather the knowledge that she has grown to discover an identity all her own.

Caro Goar’s Perspective on Senior Citizens Take on Carewatch and Ageism as Written in Goar

Caro Goar’s Perspective on Senior Citizens Take on Carewatch and Ageism as Written in Goar According to the article â€Å"Senior Citizens are Mobilizing Against Ageism: Goar,† written by Carol Goar of the Toronto Star, people in the Canadian community are striving to make a difference towards ageism. Carewatch is a social action committee. They have discovered that ageism is present in many shapes in forms. They noted that ageism is seen in many places: in government, business, fashion, the media, social services, and advertising. The author noted that there was a three step process that the city is using in order to fight ageism. The first step is to take back the title â€Å"senior citizens†. Older citizens in Canada do not appreciate the fact that they aren’t being recognized as senior citizens. Most people refer to these older adults as seniors only. Many senior citizens feel like society should not shorten the phrase to only one word, and that it is important to include both words. The second goal was to provide senior citizens adequate home care through designed funding. The third goal is to get other organizations involved to help solve the problem of ageism in Toronto, Canada. Carewatch is a fifteen year nonprofit that consists of â€Å"a voluntary group of active, informed senior citizens†. Their goal is to be able to be more involved in society. Through this nonprofit, the group hopes that senior citizens have the opportunity to have more control, respect, and human rights. Based on the article, it is said that ageism is the only form of discrimination that is still generally accepted in Canada. Carewatch hopes to put an end to this, where senior citizens can live self-sufficiently with the right support services. One problem that they addressed is that senior citizens tend to keep their age a secret. Whether it is their appearance, form of speech, or the way they act, senior citizens try not to reveal their age. Part of the problem was recognized by Neysmith. Ageism is present in government, business, fashion, the media, social services, and advertising. For example, not one senior citizen was placed in a brochure advertisement for the Pan Am Ga mes Secretariat. Neysmith is hoping to â€Å"convince other organizations that the best way to get actions was to band together.† Ageism is known as the discrimination and stereotyping of older adults. This concept is present in Toronto, Canada, as well as the rest of the world. Ageism can really affect the elderly in a negative manner. This has the power to instill a fearing about getting older. This could lead to dependency, segregation, and the mistreatment of the elderly. It is unfortunate how ageism really separates â€Å"younger people† from â€Å"older people†. This type of inequality is unfair because the elderly are given less power. The way print media and electronic media portray older adults is unfair. In this case, older adults were not included in a brochure advertisement. Ageism is demonstrated in many ways. Ageism is present in the workplace. For example, they are not given many opportunities compared to workers who are younger than them. This includes not receiving any training, compensation, or promotions. I only hope that Carewatch’s efforts follow through. I would have to agree with their efforts. I believe that one way to help push this idea forward is by working with other organizations. By doing this, this will spread more awareness about the unfair treatment of the elderly. This can eventually lead to some sort of response, with a step towards giving the elderly what they truly deserve – human rights, respect, and home care. What I didn’t realize was the fact that the eldery try to hide their age. That was a statement that really surprised me. I didn’t take notice of that until I started reading this article. Although this may happen, society should be supportive of senior citizens regardless. We shouldn’t perpetuate these negative perceived ideas with the elderly. The creation of this nonprofit may not seem important to many, but I feel like it is a great idea. I hope that this type of discrimination gets put to rest in the near future.

MID-TERM EXAMINATION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MID-TERM EXAMINATION - Coursework Example Wealth in this case puts one at a better position to meet such obligation provided there is strong positive attitude towards the specific goals in life. This term is referred to as the show of practical skill and for the systematic knowledge or experience which underlies it. In the case of Socrates in this book the republic, introduction of justice has been given critical analysis and definition such that it makes meaning to any individual from different perspectives of reasoning due to the elements of rhetoric tools underlying the statements. Socrates suggests that the ability to adapt arguments to various types of people is central to a true art or techne of rhetoric. The speaker must discover the kind of speech that matches each type of nature .Picking up another theme in Platos dialogues, the Stoics develop the idea that virtue is a kind of technà ª or craft of life, one that is based on an understanding of the universe. Thrasymachus belong to Sophist school of thought who explained that an action is taken from the view of being advantageous or disadvantageous rather than being right or wrong. This means that morality and law was a subjective issue to the rich who believed in getting away with illegal and immoral actions on the basis of the advantage aspect of the outcome. Thrasymachus argues that the right thing is to act unjustly or immorally, because one should always act in ones own self-interest. He asserts that that law and morality are nothing but mere convention, and that one ought to choose injustice whenever such action would be to one’s advantage. Thrasymachus seeks to be convinced by Socrates on the reason as to why being unjust and immoral is not the right thing if one is to achieve the best in the society. He expressly criticizes the stand of Socrates concerning the truth on justice and its fruits. In essence, the act of immorality gives some group of people a competitive edge over the poor and they consider

Analysis of Three Selected Poems by Robert Frost Research Paper

Analysis of Three Selected Poems by Robert Frost - Research Paper Example After his death, life became tough for the family and they moved to live with their grandfather who used to live in Lawrence, Massachusetts. His mother then supported her children by working as a teacher in a school. In the year 1892, Frost completed his graduation from the Lawrence High School where he developed a liking for poetry. His poems were published in his school magazine. His first official work was ‘My Butterfly: An Elegy’ which appeared in the New York Independent in the year 1894. This was the beginning of his career as a poet. In the following year, Robert Frost got married to Elinor Miriam White. Frost took up different professions which included farming as well as teaching. He was unsuccessful in these and he finally sold the farm for a journey to England. In 1912, he settled in Beaconsfield, a small town outside London. This is where he found the fascination for rural life and nature, which became the chief ingredients for his poetry. After a year of his arrival in England, he started walking towards the path of success as his poems became successful. He published his first book of poetry ‘A boy’s will.’ The book was welcomed by the public and notable poets of the time. He has written many famous poems which include the Oven Bird, The Road Not Taken and The Gift Outright. An analysis of these poems assists in understanding the theme of the poems (Francis 2004; Thompson 1959). The Oven Bird In this poem, Frost uses the sobriquet of the Oven Bird that sings beautifully in the jungle, sending the message of the changing seasons. But a point comes when the bird stops singing. The poem follows two important themes. It presents the theme of modernism and the destruction of nature owing to this. He also uses the different seasons to explain the life of a man and the aspect of ageing. With the assistance of the poem, Frost tries to convey the message that modernism had sucked out all the simple joys of life. Everything is losing its natural gleam and machines are taking over, making life fast and self-centered. For the poet, the lofty purpose of life is lost. For him, the height of life’s purpose existed in the classical era. Like many poets of his time, Frost believed that life’s joys were lost as man moved away from nature. Frost was a true admirer of nature and he believed that nature was not being preserved. The second idea that is presented in the poem is that of ageing and death. The seasonal changes depict the changes in the life of the people. The season of spring is indicative of the youth of an individual which serves as the peak in every human beings life. But despite of all these changes, ageing and death are unavoidable. The word â€Å"diminished† in the last line of the poem clearly reveals the fact of mortality and explains that everything has to end and death is the ultimate end. Robert Frost, thus, shows the different phases of life with the assistance of the seasons. A student of Robert Frost Sydney Cox used to refer to Frost by calling him â€Å"The Oven Bird.† It was implied by him that the poem was indicative of the life of Robert Frost himself. Cox believed that Frost had reflected his personality in the poem and at the same time he had discussed the issue of the damage that was being brought to nature. He indicated that Frost was actually

Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zara - Essay Example tay committed to the principles surrounding supply chain management. The make-buy decision In a bid to understand the direct impact of supply chain management on the running and development of organizations, Zara has been chosen to be a focal point in this essay. This essay will critically analyze the supply chain system in place at Zara and how best it is working. It would also discuss the weaknesses of the organization’s supply chain system and how it can be improved. Zara as a fashion retail organization has been chosen by the writer purposely because of the organization is fast developing attention among reviewers who have supply chain management as their focus. Such reviewers as Kasra Ferdows, Michael A. Lewis and Jose A.D. Machuca of Harvard Business Review place premium on the recent successes that Zara is recording with its retail of fashion products. The cause of the success has been linked to the company’s supply chain system. In the view of Ferdows, Lewis and Jose (2005), â€Å"Zara has hit on a formula for supply chain success that works.† One critical area of retailing, of which Zara as a retail organization is inclusive is the concept of make-buy decision. Make-buy decision would be especially useful for discussion as far as Zara is concerned because Zara is into retail of fashion products, of which it has the choice either to manufacture its products or to purchase them. According to the Encyclopedia of Management (2010), make-or-buy decision is the act of making a strategic choice between producing an item internally (in-house) or buy it externally (from an outside supplier).† Applying the principles of make-buy decision to Zara, it can be inferred that for the organization to make a decision whether to buy or make should be backed by carefully scrutinized strategic analysis. This is seen in the definition given by the encyclopedia, making mention of the word ‘strategic’. It should be observed that fashion is a global language, yet varying and versatile (Akuoko, 2009, p.19). This makes the demand of customers for a particular type or style of fashion change over time. Due to the unstable nature of world fashion, Zara must therefore have strategic analysis at management level that ensures that the core needs of varying consumers are met. Zara has consumers from all over Europe and from different cultures. This is both a challenge and an opportunity for the organization to be diversifying. This way, the make-buy decision should permit the organization to select the kinds of fashion line they can produce internally and those they would have to depend on from external sources. In deciding which to produce internally, the organization must factor in their areas of strength and specialization. Though it is common knowledge that â€Å"Zara's designers create approximately 40,000 new designs annually, from which 10,000 are selected for production† (Harvard Business Review, 2005), it c ould equally be true that the organization cannot be ‘master of all trade’. To this effect, the principle of buy-make decision permits the organization to produce only on its specialization and buy the rest. Sourcing Strategies and supply chain configurations The decision on what to buy or make may be a complicated one but once that

Chinese income Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chinese income - Article Example China used to have many hundreds of millions of people below the poverty line who could not support themselves, so finding manual labor jobs can be a lifeline for these types of people. The United States also gets something out of the deal in that it consumers get to purchase goods at lower costs than if those goods were made in America. Trade between China and America is currently strong because each party can gain something out of the deal. If the conditions of trade change, such as an increase in Chinese wages, then this will negatively affect international trade because American firms will not make as much profit. It is likely that these firms will look for other countries that have relatively low wages, such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, and the Philippines, because their profits margins will stay the same. At the end of the day, trade revolves around benefits, usually in the form of profits. If these benefits are reduced, then international trade will decrease because only one party will be gaining from the

Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Aristotle - Essay Example p.)Aristotle reaches the threshold of spirituality but stumbles there. He is unable to cross the final hurdle to the land of the divine, where bliss alone reigns. It is the conflict –free land of peace, with no secular dualities. The question is how to reach the level of eternal and universal truth? Aristotle’s ethical theory is incomplete and creates a vacuum. How can an ethical man know about the correctness of a moral decision? His theory does not explain how to act morally and it suffers from lack of specifics. There is a â€Å"brain† behind the working and functioning of this entire cosmos of which humankind is the part. A brain that is par-excellence, supreme and extraordinary! The top-scientists of this world are unable to withstand its power. One has no option but to agree that such an out of the world genius could only be hailed as God. In this context, let me give a practical example. Take it that we are in a railway station waiting for the arrival of d estination train. We have a heavy suitcase that consists of apparel and currency notes. All of a sudden, we are required to go somewhere for a short while. But the suitcase is heavy and we are not comfortable to carry the suitcase while rushing over there. In such a situation, will we handover the suitcase to some unknown person with whom we are not acquainted with? No! Never! Suppose some of our known person, our neighbor with whom we are well-acquainted with, or a relative happens to be there? Undoubtedly, we will trust that known individual, handover the suitcase to him and will go for the intended purpose, without any worry. A known person is worthy of trust. Meaning, introduction and knowledge are the foundation stones of the edifice of trust. It is but natural, that which is worth the trust, is worthy of love as well. To such an individual we will handover without hesitation the costliest of the things. Meaning, at the root of all this procedure is—knowing or introducti on! For the glow it is necessary to light the bulb. For enjoying the taste, it is necessary to eat the item. Just by watching the game from the gallery, one will not be able to gauge the level of enthusiasm that goes on in the heart of the player on the ground. To know that he has to be the player, take active part in the game, and reach the ground, after its practice. For a student of science, it is not sufficient, if he learns some theorems and the theory part of the syllabus. He has to reach out to the laboratory, and it is necessary for him to do the experiments. On the same line, in the field of practical vision of God, only study of texts, discussions and meditation, are not adequate to reach the goal. Practically experience and view the glorious procession of divine designs and creations within! Aristotle does not have a clear picture about the inner world. Therefore he falters and his arguments are incomplete. They reach the dead end. Theoretical wisdom is not adequate to re ach the level of â€Å"eternal and universal truth.† Now the question arises, after all, how this matchless world has been accommodated in this tiny human body? In what form and by adopting which procedure one can have the practical vision of its entire details? Let me illustrate this position through a scenario: Once a Realized Soul, (one who knows the â€Å"eternal and universal truth†) was giving a spiritual discourse. Amongst the audience, one intellectual Surgeon (Doctor) was there. The moment he heard that human body was the abode of the Lord and an inner world exists within, he was unable to digest that reasoning and was agitated much. He expressed his doubts about what was told in the spiritual discourse. Putting forth the arguments he questioned RS (Realized Soul), â€Å"