Odyssey By Homer Essays - Greek Mythology, Odyssey, Shapeshifting

Odyssey By Homer In Homer's Odyssey, he uses the stories of Calypso and Circe to give a reader a glimpse at Greek values. Odysseus is a "perfectly" moral man by Greek standards. In the Calypso episode, Odysseus demonstrates the value of faithfulness, and in the Circe episode, he illustrates Greek values in general. While both goddesses seek Odysseus to be their husband, Odysseus responds as a perfect Greek hero. During the Calypso episode, Homer teachers that one must remain faithful in their hearts. The Circe episode shows the loyalty between a commander and his troops, burial rights, hospitality, and the relationship between host and guest. The Calypso episode explains how a man must be faithful to his wife in his heart. The Calypso scene opens with a description of how beautiful her island of meadows and flowers is and how "even a deathless god who came upon that place would gaze in wonder, heart entranced with pleasure" (154). The story proceeds to describe the goddess as having a "breathtaking voice" (154) and being "lustrous" (155). Yet, when the story describes Odysseus, he is "wrenching his heart with sobs and groans and anguish" (156). Even though, Odysseus resides on a beautiful island with a goddess who takes care of him, he still wishes to be at home. Odysseus recognizes that fact that the island is beautiful, but he still longs to be at home. Additionally, Odysseus remains faithful to Penelope, not by modern day standards, but he chooses Penelope over the goddess. When Calypso questions Odysseus, he recognizes that fact that Calypso is more beautiful. Odysseus even mentions that Penelope "falls far short" (159) of Calypso, but yet, Odysseus's heart is with Penelope. Next, Odysseus must build a raft himself. Yet, he finds this labor minimal since he is given a chance to return home. He even realizes that he may become shipwrecked or die on the voyage, but he is willing to take these risks to return home. The final temping offer to make Odysseus turn away from his home and his wife is when Calypso offers him immortality to stay with her. Again, Odysseus chooses his land and his wife. In modern times, sleeping with a goddess would be considered unfaithful, but Greek values allow this if and only if the man still wishes to return home and return to his wife. Thus, one of the highest values for a Greek was to be faithful to their home and their wives in their hearts. The stories involving Circe describe several values. The stories describe hospitality, the loyalty between a commander and his troops, the relationship between host and guest, and burial rights. When the story begins with an analysis on how guests ought to be treated. Circe is an enchantress who welcomes some of Odysseus's troops into her home for food and drink. Then, she made a potion that would clear their memories so that when she struck them with her magic wand, they turned into pigs. Zeus or Hermes must have witnessed this episode because Hermes came to Odysseus with a "potent drug" (239) that would counteract Circe's potion. Since Zeus is the god of hospitality, Circe was in the wrong by harming her guests as she did. So, Odysseus went to Circe with the drug, and when she attempted to do the same thing, Odysseus was able to triumph over trickery. Thus, another important Greek value is to be kind to strangers, treat them as guests, and follow the hospitality etiquette. The next event demonstrates that the commander must be loyal to his troops. Circe offers Odysseus marvelous food with "appetizers aplenty too, lavish with her bounty" (242), but her refuses the food saying that "any man in his right mind" (242) could not accept food "before he'd freed his comrades-in-arms and looked them in the eyes" (242). So, Greek soldiers must be loyal to each other. This is further demonstrated when Circe sends for Odysseus's ship to come closer to shore. Eurylochus hesitates and is mutinous against Odysseus's order to bring the ship about. Odysseus, though, still remains loyal to him. Even though he "had half a mind to draw the sharp sword from beside my hip and slice his head off...But comrades check me, each man trying to calm me" (244). This event offers another important value: the soldiers must be loyal to their commander and heed every order. So, Homer demonstrates how troops and commanders ought to be extremely loyal to each other. While the troops and Odysseus are at Circe's palace, they

Supply and Demand Essays

Supply and Demand Essays Supply and Demand Essay Supply and Demand Essay chapter: 3 Supply and Demand Krugman/Wells Economics  ©2009 ? Worth Publishers WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER ? ? ? ? ? What a competitive market is and how it is described by the supply and demand model What the demand curve and supply curve are The difference between movements along a curve and shifts of a curve How the supply and demand curves determine a market’s equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity In the case of a shortage or surplus, how price moves the market back to equilibrium 2 of 42 Supply and Demand ? A competitive market: ? ? Many buyers and sellers Same good or service ? ? The supply and demand model is a model of how a competitive market works. Five key elements: ? ? ? ? ? Demand curve Supply curve Demand and supply curve shifts Market equilibrium Changes in the market equilibrium 3 of 42 Demand Schedule ? A demand schedule shows how much of a good or service consumers will want to buy at different prices. Demand Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 7. 1 7. 5 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 of 42 Demand Curve Price of coffee bean (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 A demand curve is the graphical representation of the demand schedule; it shows how much of a good or service consumers want to buy at any given price. As price rises, the quantity demanded falls Demand curve, D 0 7 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 5 of 42 GLOBAL COMPARISON Pay Mor e, Pump Less†¦ ? Price of gasoline (per gallon) Germany Because of high taxes, gasoline and diesel fuel are more than twice as expensive in most European countries as in the United States. According to the law of demand, Europeans should buy less gasoline than Americans, and they do: Europeans consume less than half as much fuel as Americans, mainly because they drive smaller cars with better mileage. $8 7 6 United Kingdom Italy France Spain ? 5 4 3 Japan Canada United States 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 1. 4 0 Consumption of gasoline (gallons per day per capita) 6 of 42 An Increase in Demand ? ? An increase in the population and other factors generate an increase in demand – a rise in the quantity demanded at any given price. This is represented by the two demand schedules one showing demand in 2002, before the rise in population, the other showing demand in 2006, after the rise in population. Demand Schedules for Coffee Beans Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) Price of coffee beans (per pound) in 2002 in 2006 $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 7. 1 7. 5 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 8. 5 9. 0 9. 7 10. 7 12. 0 13. 8 17. 0 7 of 42 An Increase in Demand Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 Increase in population ? more coffee drinkers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 Demand curve in 2006 Demand curve in 2002 7 9 11 13 D 1 D 17 2 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded at any given price, represented by the change of the original demand curve to a new position, denoted by a new demand curve. 8 of 42 Movement Along the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 A C †¦ is not the same thing as a movement along the demand curve B A shift of the demand curve†¦ A movement along the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 1. 00 0. 75 . 50 D 7 8. 1 9. 7 10 13 1 D 17 2 0 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 9 of 42 Shifts of the Demand Curve Price Increase in demand An â€Å"increase in demand† A â€Å"decrease in demand†, means a leftward shift of rightward shift of the demand curve: at any given price, consumers demand a smaller quantity larger quantity than before. (D1? D3) (D1? D2) Decrease in demand D 3 D 1 D 2 Quantity 10 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in the Prices of Related Goods ? Substitutes: Two goods are substitutes if a fall in the price of one of the goods makes consumers less willing to buy the other good. Complements: Two goods are complements if a fall in the price of one good makes people more willing to buy the other good. ? 11 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in Income ? ? Normal Goods: When a rise in income increases the demand for a good the normal case we say that the good is a normal good. Inferior Goods: When a rise in income decreases the demand for a good, it is an inferior good. ? ? Changes in Tastes Changes in Expectations 12 of 42 Individual Demand Curve and the Market Demand Curve The market demand curve is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in that market. (a) (b) (c) Darla’s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Price of coffee beans (per pound) Dino’s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Market Demand Curve $2 $2 $2 DMarket 1 1 1 DDarla DDino 0 20 30 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 10 20 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 30 40 50 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 13 of 42 Supply Schedule ? A supply schedule shows how much of a good or service would be supplied at different prices. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans supplied (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 11. 6 11. 5 11. 2 10. 7 10. 0 9. 1 8. 0 14 of 42 Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply curve, S $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 9 11 13 A supply curve shows graphically how much of a good or service people are willing to sell at any given price. As price rises, the quantity supplied rises. 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 15 of 42 An Increase in Supply ? ? The entry of Vietnam Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans into the coffee bean Quantity of beans supplied Price of business generated coffee beans (billions of pounds) an increase in (per pound) Before entry After entry supply- a rise in the quantity supplied at $2. 00 11. 6 13. 9 any given price. 1. 75 11. 5 13. 8 This event is 1. 50 11. 2 13. 4 represented by the 1. 25 10. 7 12. 8 two supply schedules- one 1. 00 10. 0 12. 0 showing supply before 0. 75 9. 1 10. 9 Vietnam’s entry, the 0. 50 8. 0 9. 6 other showing supply after Vietnam came in. 16 of 42 An Increase in Supply Price of coffee beans (per pound) S $2. 0 1 S 2 Vietnam enters coffee bean business ? more coffee producers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 A movement along the supply curve†¦ †¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good at any given price. 17 of 42 Movement Along the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 10 11. 2 12 A C †¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 15 17 A movement along the supply curve†¦ S 1 S 2 B Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A movement along the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 18 of 42 Shifts of the Supply Curve Price S 3 S 1 S 2 Increase in supply Any â€Å"increase in â€Å"decrease in supply† means a leftward shift of the rightward shift of the supply curve: at any given price, there is an a decrease in the increase in the quantity supplied. (S1? S2) S3) Decrease in supply Quantity 19 of 42 What Causes a Supply Curve to Shift? ? ? ? ? ? Changes in input prices ? An input is a good that is used to produce another good. Changes in the prices of related goods and services Changes in technology Changes in expectations Changes in the number of producers 20 of 42 Individual Supply Curve and the Market Supply Curve The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all firms in that market. (a) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (b) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (c) Market Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Mr. Figueroa’s Individual Supply Curve SFigueroa Mr. Bien Pho’s Individual Supply Curve S Pho Bien $2 $2 $2 S Market 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 21 of 42 Supply, Demand and Equilibrium ? Equilibrium in a competitive market: when the quantity demanded of a good equals the quantity supplied of that good. The price at which this takes place is the equilibrium price (a. k. a. market-clearing price): ? ? Every buyer finds a seller and vice versa. The quantity of the good bought and sold at that price is the equilibrium quantity. ? 22 of 42 Market Equilibrium Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply 2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 Market equilibrium occurs at point E, where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect. Equilibrium price 1. 00 0. 75 E Equilibrium 0. 50 0 7 10 Equilibrium quantity 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 23 of 42 Surplus Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply $2. 00 1. 75 Surplus 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 E There is a surplus of a good when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. Surpluses occur when the price is above its equilibrium level. 0. 50 0 7 8. 1 10 11. 2 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) Quantity demanded Quantity supplied 24 of 42 Shortage Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 Supply 1. 50 1. 25 There is a shortage of a good when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Shortages occur when the price is below its equilibrium level. 1. 00 0. 75 E 0. 50 0 7 9. 1 Shortage Demand 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 10 11. 5 Quantity supplied Quantity demanded 25 of 42 >ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Price of Admission: Compare the box office price for a recent Justin Timberlake concert in Miami, Florida, to the StubHub. com price for seats in the same location: $88. 0 versus $155. Why is there such a big difference in prices? For major events, buying tickets from the box office means waiting in very long lines. Ticket buyers who use Internet resellers have decided that the opportunity cost of their time is too high to spend waiting in line. For those major events with online box offices selling tickets at face value, tickets often sell out within minutes. In this case, some people who want to go to the concert badly but have missed out on the opportunity to buy cheaper tickets from the online box office are willing to pay the higher Internet reseller price. 6 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans An increase in demand†¦ Supply E P 2 2 Price rises E P 1 1 †¦ leads to a movement along the supply curve due to a higher equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity D 2 D 1 Q 1 Q 2 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity rises 27 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans S 2 S 1 A decrease in supply†¦ P Price rises E 2 2 †¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve due to a higher equilibrium price and lower equilibrium quantity P 1 E1 Demand Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity falls 28 of 42 Technology Shifts of the Supply Curve Price An increase in supply †¦ S1 S2 †¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve to a lower equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity. E1 Price falls P1 P2 E2 Technological innovation: In the early 1970s, engineers learned how to put microscopic electronic components onto a silicon chip; progress in the technique has allowed ever more components to be put on each chip. Demand Q 1 Q 2 Quantity Quantity increases 29 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (a) One possible outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Rises Price of coffee Small decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 The opposing forces Two increase in demand dominates the determining the decrease in supply. equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 D D 1 Large increase in demand Q 1 Q2 2 Quantity of coffee 30 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (b) Another Possibility Outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Falls Price of coffee Large decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 Two opposing forces determining the equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 Small increase in demand D D 2 1 Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee 31 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand We can make the following predictions about the outcome when the supply and demand curves shift simultaneously: Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand Demand Increases Demand Decreases Supply Increases Supply Decreases Price: ambiguous Quantity: up Price: up Quantity: ambiguous Price: down Price: ambiguous Quantity: ambiguous Quantity: down 32 of 42 FOR INQUIRING MINDS Your Turn on the Runway: An Exercise of Supply, Demand and Supermodels ? The ease of transmitting photos over the Internet and the relatively low cost of international travel ? beautiful young women from all over the world, eagerly trying to make it as models = influx of aspiring models from around the world In addition the tastes of many of those who hire models have changed ? hey prefer celebrities What happened to the equilibrium price of a young (not a celebrity) fashion model? Use your supply and demand curves to determine the salaries of â€Å"America’s Next Best Models†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33 of 42 ? ? FOR INQUIRING MINDS Another Example: Supply, Demand and Controlled Substances Price S2 S1 E2 P2 Price rises P1 E1 Howe ver, we can see The equilibrium by comparing the price has risen from original equilibrium E1 P1 to P2, and this with â€Å"war on The the new drugs† induces suppliers to equilibrium E2 that the provide drugs shifts the supply actual reduction in the despite the left. curve tothe risks. uantity of drugs supplied is much smaller than the shift of the supply curve. Demand Q2 Q1 Quantity Quantity falls 34 of 42 >ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Great Tortilla Crises: A sharp rise in the price of tortillas, a staple food of Mexico’s poor, which had gone from 25 cents a pound to between 35 and 45 cents a pound in just a few months in early 2007. Why were tortilla prices soaring? It was a classic example of what happens to equilibrium prices when supply falls. Tortillas are made from corn; much of Mexico’s corn is imported from the United States, with the price of corn in both countries basically set in the U. S. corn market. And U. S. corn prices were rising rapidly thanks to surging demand in a new market: the market for ethanol. 35 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? A recent drought in Australia reduced the amount of grass on which Australian dairy cows could feed, thus limiting the amount of milk these cows produced for export. At the same time, a new tax levied by the government of Argentina raised the price of the milk the country exported, thereby decreasing Argentine milk sales worldwide. These two developments produced a supply shortage in the world market, which dairy farmers in Europe couldn’t fill because of strict production quotas set by the European Union. ? ? 36 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? In China, meanwhile, demand for milk and milk products increased, as rising income levels drove higher per-capita consumption. All these occurrences resulted in a strong upward pressure on the price of milk everywhere in 2007. ? 37 of 42 SUMMARY 1. The supply and demand model illustrates how a competitive market works. 2. The demand schedule shows the quantity demanded at each price and is represented graphically by a demand curve. The law of demand says that demand curves slope downward. 3. A movement along the demand curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity demanded. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing demand, they mean shifts of the demand curve- a change in the quantity demanded at any given price. 38 of 42 SUMMARY 4. There are five main factors that shift the demand curve: A change in the prices of related goods or services A change in income A hange in tastes A change in expectations A change in the number of consumers 5. The market demand curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in the market. 6. The supply schedule shows the quantity supplied at each price and is represented graphically by a supply curve. Supply curves usually slope upward. 39 of 42 SUMMARY 7. A movement along the supply curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity supplied. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing supply, they mean shifts of the supply curve- a change in the quantity supplied at any given price. 8. There are five main factors that shift the supply curve: A change in input prices A change in the prices of related goods and services A change in technology A change in expectations A change in the number of producers 9. The market supply curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all producers in the market. 40 of 42 SUMMARY 10. The supply and demand model is based on the principle that the price in a market moves to its equilibrium price, or market-clearing price, the price at which the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. This quantity is the equilibrium quantity. When the price is above its market-clearing level, there is a surplus that pushes the price down. When the price is below its market-clearing level, there is a shortage that pushes the price up. 11. An increase in demand increases both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in demand has the opposite effect. An increase in supply reduces the equilibrium price and increases the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in supply has the opposite effect. 12. Shifts of the demand curve and the supply curve can happen simultaneously. 41 of 42 The End of Chapter 3 Coming attraction Chapter 4: The Market Strikes Back 42 of 42

Japanese Particle Information (Bakari)

Japanese Particle Information (Bakari) Bakari is a Japanese particle. Particles are generally considered to be similar to preposition in English. A particle is always placed after the word it modifies. Here are several different usages of bakari with sample sentences. I think it is probably easy to understand its various usage through contextual examples. Bakkkari, bakashi and bakkashi can be used in informal situations instead of bakari. (1) Indicates an approximate amount, be it time or money, etc. A number or quantity usually precedes it. It is similar to kurai/gurai and hodo and can be replaced in this usage. Asu kara tooka bakari ryokou ni ikimasu. 明æâ€" ¥Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã¥  Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã¦â€"…è ¡Å'㠁 «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - Ill be leaving on a trip for about ten days from tomorrow.Ryokou no hiyou wa zenbu de nijuuman-en bakari kakatta. æâ€"…è ¡Å'㠁 ®Ã¨ ² »Ã§â€ ¨Ã£  ¯Ã¥â€¦ ¨Ã©Æ' ¨Ã£  §Ã¤ ¸â€¡Ã¥â€ â€ Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š - The total cost of the trip came to about two hundred thousand yen.Gosen-en bakari kashite itadakemasen ka. ä ºâ€Ã¥ Æ'円㠁 °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã¨ ² ¸Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - Could you please lend me five thousand yen or so? (2) Not only ~ but also In the patterns ~ bakari dewa naku ~ mo or ~ bakari ja naku ~ mo (informal) Otoko no ko bakari dewa naku, onna no ko mo takusan imashita. ç” ·Ã£  ®Ã¥ ­ Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ªÃ£  Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ®Ã¥ ­ Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ Å¸Ã£  Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚ - There were not only boys but also many girls.Watashi wa nihongo bakari ja naku, furansugo mo benkyou shitai desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šÆ'㠁 ªÃ£  Ã£â‚¬ Ã£Æ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want to study not only Japanese but also French.Kare wa dansu bakari dewa naku, uta mo umai n desu. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ªÃ£  Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ­Å'も㠁†ã  ¾Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - He is good not only at dancing but also singing. Although dake can replace bakari in this usage, bakari is slightly more emphatic. Nodo ga kawaita dake dewa naku, onaka mo suita. 㠁 ®Ã£  ©Ã£ Å'æ ¸â€¡Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šÆ'㠁 ªÃ£  Ã£â‚¬ Ã£ Å Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â„¢Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š - Not only I am thirsty but also I am hungry. (3) Shows that something is always limited to a particular action, place or thing. It is similar to dake or nomi. Asonde bakari inai de, shukudai mo shinasai. é Å Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ® ¿Ã© ¡Å'も㠁â€"㠁 ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š - Dont just play all the time, do your homework as well.Terebi bakari mite iru to, me ni warui yo. ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'“㠁 °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¨Ã£â‚¬ Ã§â€º ®Ã£  «Ã¦â€š ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£â‚¬â€š - If you watch TV all the time, it is not good for your eyes.Watashi no neko wa itsumo nemutte bakari imasu. ç § Ã£  ®Ã§Å' «Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ§Å"  Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - My cat is always just sleeping. (4) Used after the ~ta form of verbs, it indicates that an action has just been completed. It translates into just. Chichi wa ima kaette kita bakari desu. çˆ ¶Ã£  ¯Ã¤ »Å Ã¥ ¸ °Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - My father just got home.Sakki tabeta bakari nanoni, mada onaka ga suite iru. 㠁•ã  £Ã£  Ã© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£ Å¸Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ªÃ£  ®Ã£  «Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  ¾Ã£   Ã£ Å Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£ Å'㠁™ã â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - Although I had just eaten, I am still hungry.Kinou katta bakari no kutsu o haite dekaketa. æ˜ ¨Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¨ ² ·Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ®Ã©  ´Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ± ¥Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â€¹Ã£ â€˜Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š - I went out wearing the shoes that I had just bought yesterday. (5) In the patter bakari ni, it emphasizes a reason or cause. It has a nuance of solely due to; for the simple reason. Ano basu ni notta bakari ni, jiko ni atta. 㠁‚㠁 ®Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¹Ã£  «Ã¤ ¹â€"㠁 £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  «Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¦â€¢â€¦Ã£  «Ã£ â€šÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š - It was only because I got on that bus that I was involved in an accident.Tomoko wa Ken to kekkon shita bakari ni kurou shiteiru. æ™ ºÃ¥ ­ Ã£  ¯Ã¥  ¥Ã£  ¨Ã§ µ Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  «Ã¨â€¹ ¦Ã¥Å  ´Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - Simply because Tomoko married Ken, she is having a hard time.Kare wa kuruma o kaitai bakari ni, isshou kenmei hataraiteiru. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¨ »Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ² ·Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  «Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§â€Å¸Ã¦â€¡ ¸Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã¥Æ' Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - He wants to buy a car so badly that he is working very hard. (6) Following a verb, it shows that the action is/was about to be carried out. It translates into just about to do (something). Yuushoku o mou taberu bakari no tokoro ni dareka ga nokku shita. Ã¥ ¤â€¢Ã© £Å¸Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€ Ã© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ®Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€œÃ£â€š Ã£  «Ã¨ ª °Ã£ â€¹Ã£ Å'ãÆ'ŽãÆ'Æ'ã‚ ¯Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚ - We were just about to eat dinner when someone knocked on the door.Kono shousetsu wa ato saigo no shou o kaku bakari da. 㠁“㠁 ®Ã¥ ° Ã¨ ª ¬Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ¾Å'æÅ"ی ¾Å'㠁 ®Ã§ «  Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€º ¸Ã£  Ã£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£   Ã£â‚¬â€š - The only thing left to do with this novel is to write the last chapter.Ima nimo ame ga furidasan bakari no soramoyou da. ä »Å Ã£  «Ã£â€šâ€šÃ©â€º ¨Ã£ Å'é™ Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  °Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ®Ã§ © ºÃ¦ ¨ ¡Ã¦ §ËœÃ£   Ã£â‚¬â€š - The sky looks like it is about to rain anytime.

Compare and Contrast Two Readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compare and Contrast Two Readings - Essay Example These advertisements also present men as sexual objects, in much the same way as women have often been portrayed. In some instances, the homophobic population may detect some gay undertones to these ads, however, all in all, they portray the male form in a way which is more sexually suggestive than its usual portrayal. In the same theme of male-themed advertisements, the article by Gladwell discusses the difficulties which are often seen in coming up with advertisements which are appealing to men. This article provides ideas on how Levi’s was able to appeal to the male population by considering activities, conversations, topics, and even random things which were more appropriate to the male crowd. Both articles presented a discussion on how advertisements can appeal differently to men and to women, and how the differences among males and females can often dictate the direction and the power of these ads. For companies who can capitalize on these differences, the profits would likely flow well and for a long period of time. Oftentimes, the stereotypes assigned to men and women can work well for advertisers and in some instances, tapping into the specific persona of a man or a woman can effectively reduce the gap between the seller and the

Post Washington Consensus Consensus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post Washington Consensus Consensus - Essay Example primary health care, primary education, and infrastructure ;tax reform (to lower marginal rates and broaden the tax base);Interest rate liberalization ;a competitive exchange rate ;trade liberalization ;liberalization of inflows of foreign direct investment ;privatization ;deregulation (to abolish barriers to entry and exit) and secure property rights. This privatization agenda in pursuit of globalization has come under criticism as (1) says," Some of the most vociferous of today's critics of what they call the Washington Consensus, most prominently Joe Stiglitz... do not object so much to the agenda laid out above as to the neoliberalism that they interpret the term as implying. I of course never intended my term to imply policies like capital account liberalization...monetarism, supply-side economics, or a minimal state (getting the state out of welfare provision and income redistribution), which I think of as the quintessentially neoliberal ideas". In development literature it is examined and accepted that The Washington consensus emerged out of a kind of counter reaction in development economics (3) to what has been termed as rather operationally successful neoliberal revolution against Keynesianism prescriptions of the 1970s.The Washington Consensus, materialized in large and specially built Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) suggested for a substantial portion of the developing countries in the ensuing years of 1980s and 1990s.It was the outcomes of these SAPs that were not along expected lines and which resulted in external criticism of The Washington Consensus itself. Joseph Stiglitz a World Bank Economist was the most prominent insider to offer criticism of the neoliberalism inherent in The Washington Consensus and the body of criticism is now termed as post Washington consensus consensus (4) in the sense that it agrees on drawbacks and weak points of the consensus. This paper examines the critical body of arguments posed in this new consensus. 2.Post Washington Consensus Consensus (5) exemplify in detail the various outcomes of the SAPs, based on The Washington Consensus, which not fell short of mark in their prime objective of achieving economic growth through market deregulation but also created other weak spots.Amin states that SAPs resulted in ," a sharp increase in unemployment, a fall in the remuneration of work, an increase in food dependency, a grave deterioration of the environment, a deterioration in healthcare systems, a fall in admissions to educational institutions, a decline in the productive capacity of many nations, the sabotage of democratic systems, and the continued growth of external debt. "This made Stiglitz look out for an intellectual alternative t economic growth model. An alternative which was not based on sole emphasis on deregulations of all categories of markets to attain economic growth targets. Stiglitz writes about 'a new paradigm for economic development' (6).This idea of anew consensus arrived from Stiglitz when global development financial institutions had undergone a major policy shift after having witnessed the Asian crisis and analyzed its reasons that were traced to deregulated

Contemporary Canadian Business Law Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Canadian Business Law Essay A minor named Alice entered into a contract with Silver Flatware Ltd. for purchasing silverware on a long-term credit contract. The goods was delivered but the payment was not yet been fully made by Alice. Before she attain the age of majority, Alice repudiated the contract and refused to return the silverware. The company demanded a return of the silverware and refused to refund. The company sued Alice for the balance of purchase price. The legal issues in this case are whether Alice has the legal capacity to the contract and whether Alice has the right to repudiate the contract. If the second question is answered affirmative, what the effect of repudiation will occur in this case? Should Alice return the silverware and should she be liable to the lost of teaspoons? Finally, should the Silver Flatware Ltd. Refund the money had been paid by Alice? The plaintiff’s argument would be that the defendant must return the goods if she wants to repudiate the contract. The lost of teaspoons should be counted as damage to the goods and the plaintiff is entitled to recover the loss by charging compensation from the defendant. The defendant’s argument would be that she has the right to repudiate the contract since she was a minor while entering into the contract and she repudiated the contract before her attaining of the age of majority. The defendant has the option to repudiate the contract because the contract has not been fully performed and it was signed for purchasing non-necessary goods. The defendant was entitled to a return of the payment as she was a minor at the time she entered into the contract. The defendant was not liable to the lost of teaspoons since it was not a direct result of the minor’s deliberate act and it was not recoverable by the merchant. In my opinion, the probable decision of the court would be that the defendant must return the goods and the plaintiff must refund all the monies paid by the defendant. The defendant must return the goods before the plaintiff is obliged to return the monies paid. The defendant is not liable to the lost parts of the goods. The reasons for the probable decisions are as follows. Firstly, public policy dictates that minors should not be bound by their promises. The defendant did not have the legal capacity to a contract since she entered into the contract and repudiated the contract before her attaining of the age of majority. Secondly, the contract has not been fully performed as the defendant has not made full payment of the goods, so the contract is voidable at the defendant’s option. Thirdly, the goods purchased was a non-necessary goods since the silverwork is commonly considered as luxury but not necessary. Therefore, the plaintiff is not liable on such contract. According to the reasons stated above, the defendant who is a minor has the right to repudiate the contract at any time and at her option, for the reason of the contract has not been fully performed and it was for purchasing non-necessary goods. Additionally, once the contract has been repudiated, the minor is entitled to a return of any deposit paid to the adult contractor. Since the minor has purchased the goods on credit and taken delivery, the minor must return the goods before the merchant is obliged to return any monies paid. Finally, the loss of loosing teaspoons is not recoverable by the merchant because there is no evidence provided to proof that the loss is a direct result of the minor’s deliberate act.

Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide :: Death Medical Medicine Essays

Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide To die or not to die, that is not the question if you've been diagnosed with a terminal disease in America. The question is how. Should you be forced to suffer all the pain the disease brings, or should your doctor be able to legally help you die in a peaceful, painless way? That is the question that the Supreme Court, religious groups, physicians, and many others are trying to answer. The problem is that it doesn't have a clear answer. Oncologist Ezekiel Emanuel (1997) addresses the issues of physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia and explains why Americans ought to think twice before legalizing physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia. He begins by explaining the difference between the two methods. Physician-assisted suicide is when the doctor gives you the means, such as drugs, which you administer yourself. Voluntary euthanasia, however, is when the doctor actually performs the fatal procedure after the patient has confirmed his/her wish to die. (1) Following this explanation, Ezekiel uses historical references, cites court cases, scientific studies, and case studies from other countries to support his position. He also maintains that there are four myths that have been perpetuated which imply the following: 1) The issue of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is relatively new, born from technological advances. 2) There is strong support for physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia . 3) Patients in the most extreme pain are the most interested in physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. 4) Euthanasia practices in the Netherlands prove that physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia will not get out of control here in America. (2-4) Emanuel dispels these myths one by one. In response to myth #1, he quotes the Hippocratic oath, which specifically opposes euthanasia. Emanuel claims that euthanasia was often provided at the time that the Oath was written. He dates the beginnings of the euthanasia debate in America back to 1870, and presents historical facts to support his response. (2) Regarding myth #2, Emanuel blames "vague" poll questions for those which show that the majority of Americans support physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia. Research, which he cites, has shown that support for these practices does decrease when patients aren't described as terminally ill and experiencing constant, intense pain. (3) Studies in both the Netherlands and Washington state are used to refute myth #3. Both report that the minority of people who request euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide are actually requesting it due to severe, unrelenting pain.

Literacy Narrative Essay

Throughout my childhood, the idea of having a college education was greatly stressed. As a result, it was my duty as the next generational child, to excel in my studies and achieve a life of prosperity and success. Learning became the basic foundation of my growth. Therefore, my youth was overtaken by many hours spent reading and writing what was known to be correct â€Å"Standard† English. I first found this to be a great shortcoming, but as I grew older, I began to realize the many rewards acquired by having the ability to be literate. During adolescence, I began reading and writing through a fundamental learning program called, â€Å"Hooked on Phonics. † This program consisted of long hours spent reading short novels and writing elementary phrases which were commonly taught in the second and third grade. With the motto, â€Å"Improve your child’s reading and writing skills in just four weeks! † I was bound to become the next Mark Twain. The method of this course specialized in the improvements of word acquisition rates as well as reading speed; however, it lacked in the area of teaching comprehension. At a young age, I was instilled with the dire need to be highly educated and although I was unable to experience a fun and adventurous childhood like many other children, I am grateful for being raised with a greater knowledge and wisdom than that ingrained in many. From my past experiences, I have grown to prefer reading over writing. When I am reading, I can visualize the text in any way that I see fit. It is almost as if I am rewriting the novel using the illusions that I feel express the words in a passage. For example, in the current independent novel I am reading, it portrays a woman of high stature who is able to lure men in, like a hunter does its prey, and feed on their weaknesses. When I am reading this phrase I automatically visualize a fisherman trying to catch a fish using his worms as bait. Although this illustration has no reference to the novel, it is the picture that I chose to use, depicting the woman and her way of getting what she wants. As the audience, I have control over what I am reading and can express myself in any way that I would like, without having to worry about what society thinks of my views and opinions. Unlike reading, when writing, it is important that grammar, spelling and vocabulary terms are used correctly, therefore restricting me from writing in the way that I would prefer. The most stressed phrase while in high school was, â€Å"It is not the content of the essay, but rather the mechanics of grammar and speech that are most prominent. † Unfortunately, I have never been one to enjoy the art of writing. In fact, I was recently given a diagnostic test, determining at which level I write and whether or not I should be upgraded to a higher achieving English class. Unfortunately, I did not pass the test with flying colors. This was not due to the fact that I am incapable of writing a good paper, but rather that I am unable to write in a limited amount of time, using the emphasized principles of correct; grammar, vocabulary and spelling. In the reading, Shitty First Drafts, by author Anne Lamott, it is a fact that in order to write a brilliant paper, a first draft must be created. According to Lamott, â€Å"The Only way I can get anything written at all is to write really, really shitty first drafts, all writers write them. † (94) This is a quote in which I can relate being that in order for me to begin a final draft, I must first have written a first draft, usually one that is in absolute disarray. From here I can begin my journey into the final essay. This is one reason why my diagnostic writing was so disorganized; I didn’t prepare any sort of rough draft to guide me through the writing processes, which inevitably lead to my remaining semester in Writing 01 instead of Writing 10. Writing is an area that requires much preparation and efficiency, ultimately resulting in my reluctance to write just for the heck of it. Overall, writing is too complex! It is rather important to be well-rounded in the aspects of reading and writing. Our country is built on the belief that English is one of the greatest languages of the world and without it anything properly called â€Å"thought† is impossible. Although there are many types of different cultures in America, in order for us to communicate, it is greatly emphasized that we all have the ability to speak and write in the same language. For instance, if I were to visit a foreign country, it would be to my benefit to speak the same language as others. This same principle is being stressed in America today. As foreigners migrate to America, they have an obligation to learn the culture, speech and skill, learned by other American citizens and use them to their own advantage as a mean to get ahead in life. It has become a proven fact that in order to succeed in America-with a number of relatively minor although often highly visible exceptions-it is important to speak, read, and understand English as most Americans speak it. It is also a fact that people who don’t learn to speak â€Å"Standard† English have a much more difficult time achieving job and career success. An example of this theory is found in the short story titled, â€Å"Talking in the New Land,† by Edite Cunha. Edite and her family are a valid example of how, speaking one language which is culturally different than that of the common language can be a disadvantage in the long run. Throughout the story Edite and her family struggled to communicate because they had no knowledge of how to convey their issues to others. According to Edite, â€Å"I looked at her blankly, not knowing what to say. What was a Social Security number? † (549) As a result, her father was unable to collect on his unemployment and they failed to pay their rent. This is largely due to their inability to speak the English language. In any event, Edite had no choice other than to begin her lessons in learning â€Å"Standard† English for the sake of her and her family. The American language, commonly referred to as â€Å"Standard† English, is one of the most widespread languages in the world and therefore has become a tool that can help people of different backgrounds communicate with one another. It bestows a power that is almost invaluable, a power which allows us to have our own views, opinions and preferences. It gives us the freedom of speech, (The First Amendment) which inevitably allows us to express our ideas and thoughts in every fashion possible, without having to gain permission from the rest of society. There are many connections between my reading experience and the power of language. I am given the power to read in the privacy of my own home without the interruptions of others. Therefore, I am able to read aloud and gain an understanding of the text, without having an audience to critique my reading skills. I am given the power to express my opinions and views without having to debate why I had that sort of reaction to the reading. Lastly, I can read at my own pace. I have no obligation to read speedily in order to seem as though I have no complications with the words in the text. In my opinion, people should be given the right to speak and read in any language that they wish. Although, it may benefit them to be knowledgeable in the speech that is being taught and spoken in the common country, everyone has their own cultural background and each has the right to be literate in the way that they desire. They were given the right to freedom of speech through the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights and therefore, have the right to speak in their own native language. Literacy plays a major role in the lives of humans today. It gives us the power to read, speak and write and is therefore a valuable asset to society and the development of its economy.

How Does Shakespeare Present Aspects of Folly in Twelfth Night?

All or most of Shakespeare's plays contain playfulness and foolishness and within ‘Twelfth Night' there are many examples of this. All these examples of folly add to the overall humour of the play. Throughout ‘Twelfth Night' the theme of foolishness links the plot, characters and scenes in the play. In Shakespeare's day, people wanted to go to the theatre and be able to laugh. They loved all plays with an element of comedy, even Shakepeare's tragedies have elements of comedy in them. In Romeo and Juliet there are characters seen as crazy or foolish such as Mercutio. First of all there's Malvolio, one of the main characters. Proud and pompous, he is easily ridiculed as he is lead into dreadful humiliation at the hands of Fabian, Maria, Sir Toby, Feste and Sir Andrew. All the formentioned people make Malvolio look foolish when Maria writes a letter to Malvolio expressing her love for him and signing it from Olivia. Malvolio falls into the trap and begins to believe that Olivia is madly in love with him. The letter says: ‘Remember who commanded thy yellow stockings and wished to see thee ever cross gartered.' This causes Malvolio to dress in yellow stockings and cross garters to impress and try to woo his lady. On stage this is a very amusing scene to watch as Malvolio comes on wearing this ridiculous outfit — very memorable. The letter also says: ‘If thou entertain'st my love, let it appear in thy smiling thy smiles become thee well. Therefore in my presence still smile, dear my sweet I prithee.' This causes Malvolio to keep a smile on his face constantly. Not only has Malvolio a rather unattractive smile but since Olivia's brother had recently died, Olivia wants everyone to act mournful around her. She insists on wearing black with a veil over her face. When Malvolio appears with yellow clothing and a huge smile on his face he inevitably looks foolish. Olivia supposes that Malvolio is mad, subject to the heat affecting the brain – ‘Midsummer Madness.' Malvolio would not have looked so foolish if he had not had certain qualities. His over sensitive nature, pretentiousness, self-centred character and self importance make it simple for the servants and the others involved in the trick to take advantage of these faults and cut Malvolio down to size. The difference in class between Olivia and Malvolio also adds to the humour and the foolery because in Shakepeare's day there would be no possibility of any sort of romance between Malvolio and Olivia, Malvolio being a mere steward and Olivia being a wealthy countess, the status contrast is simply too immense. When Malvolio reads the letter, Malvolio begins to fall in love with the idea of being in love . Another character within Twelfth Night who adds to the theme of foolishness is obviously the fool – a professional jester. Feste has a very important role. He is constantly acting foolishly as his job is to solace and entertain his fellowmates. Although he acts like a clown through most of the play, he is probably one of the most sensible and wise characters in the play. In Act 3, Viola says: ‘This fellow is wise enough to play the fool and to do that well, craves a kind of wit.' This is an accurate depiction on Feste. He often outsmarts the other characters in the play using his quickwits most of all Malvolio and Olivia. Many other characters are the ‘real fools' such as Sir Toby Belch — an ironic surname due to his tendency to drink heavily, Sebastian for marrying Olivia when he barely knew her. Overall, Viola is quite sensible. Although dressed like a man, in those days there would be no way that she would be able to obtain service with Orsino as a woman, so her disguise was quite an ingenious idea. When talking to higher status characters, especially Olivia, Feste almost reverses the roles talking down to Olivia as shown in a conversation on page 17. Other characters cannot talk to Olivia in the same way as Feste, as everyone must look up to her and respect her. Olivia tells Malvolio to ‘Take the fool away' and Feste answers ‘Do you not hear fellows? Take away the lady.' Feste also often mocks Olivia as he is the only character who can do so. The first example of this is Feste telling Olivia she is being foolish, her brother has died and she is in mourning this is the first mention of foolishness in the play: Feste: Good Madonna, why mourn'st thou? Olivia: Good Fool, for my brother's death Feste: I think his soul is in hell, Madonna. Olivia: I know his soul is in heaven, fool Feste: The more fool, Madonna, to mourn for your brother's soul, being in heaven. There are many other times during the play when aspects of folly come into the characters' speeches. Feste in Act 1 says: ‘Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.' There are many other examples of role swapping and disguises that also add to the humour of the play. It also makes characters look foolish and humiliates them. The prime example of role swapping is Viola dressing as a man and changing her identity to become a man called Caesario. This causes much confusion leading to characters being foiled and being made to look foolish. Not only did everyone believe that Viola was in fact a man but Olivia actually falls in love with her and not surprisingly feels humiliated and foolish when she discovers that Caesario is actually a woman. Olivia does look foolish although no-one can mock her due to her high status and most people look up to her with respect. The language used in the play is not strictly foolish although many of the names are ‘fooled with' as Viola, Olivia and Malvolio, the main characters, all have names containing the same letters (v,o,l,a and i). Malvolio means ‘ill wishing' very fitting to his character. There are other character's names which are amusing such as Sir Toby Belch – ironic as he is a heavy drinker. Aguecheek is a ridiculous name†¦. And Orsino is named so because Don Virgino Orsino – an Italian Nobleman was the guest of honour at the opening night of Twelfth Night so Shakespeare named the Duke in his play after him. Twelfth Night was once a day of great merrymaking to mark the end of the Christmas festivities. It was the feast of fools and even now, the Christmas season is a time where we all seek entertainment in the form of amusement and folly. Although written all those years ago, Twelfth Night is still relevant today. A twentieth century audience still enjoy this play today as people still love to laugh and have a good time some of the jokes, although obscure are still found amusing today. Even now we love to see people make fools of themselves and the characters we don't like to be served with just retribution.

Essay Sample on Satire and Its Usage in Literary Works

Essay Sample on Satire and Its Usage in Literary Works The power of literature in determining and affecting behaviors and attitudes of the people behind historically significant change is quite significant. Enlightened philosophe Voltaires Candide in addition to Johnathan Swifts A Modest Proposal and Gullivers Travels were works of fiction that had such an effect. Through the use of the literary device of satire, Voltaire and Swift criticized certain aspects of their European society. Furthermore, they did so to a high degree of effectiveness. While Voltaire was one of the most influential philosophes, his Candide in fact satirized some of the very ideas discussed by his fellow philosophes. To begin, Voltaire’s use of capital letters to suggest the importance of the word he has capitalized is used in a satirical manner, criticizing its importance beneath the surface of the word. For instance, he refers to Candide as being â€Å"endowed by Nature with the most gentle character.† This possibly suggests Voltaire mocking the idea of a person being born with some â€Å"natural† superiority, a common belief amongst the aristocracy at the time. He continues this satirical attack with his suggestion that the baron’s sister would not marry Candide’s father as a result of his inability to prove more than â€Å"seventy-one quarterings,† a method of measuring nobility. In his manner of casually presenting the issue as if it were totally true and exaggerating it, Voltaire underlines the ridicul ous nature of such beliefs. In doing so without outright saying it, Voltaire again criticizes the aristocracies attitudes and allows the reader to see how outlandish they are simply through the use of his words. Voltaire’s next subjects of criticism are philosophes, through the introduction of the character Pangloss. Such criticism can be seen in Pangloss’ study of â€Å"metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology†, an obvious attempt to exaggerate the methods of philosophes who use great terminology and complexity in order to suggest their own importance and give weight to issues that should perhaps not be afforded such weight. Voltaire attacks such philosophes’ ideas about God and his role in the universe that the world is perfect because a perfect being created it. Satirizing this aspect of European belief suggests that Voltaire thought such philosophes to be blinded by their optimism and thus unable to see things as they truly are. for instance, Pangloss la ter admits that he has suffered, but must maintain that everything was for the best whether he believed that in actuality or not. Voltaire’s satire extends beyond the philosophes and onto the church, state and other such institutions. Candide’s encounter with the Dervish underlines Voltaire’s belief of religious one-sidedness. Instead of listening to Candide and Pangloss’ questions of good and evil in the world and thinking and concluding on his own terms, the Dervish curtly tells them not to consider such things. Voltaire consequently criticizes those in his society that continue to follow such close-minded religious figures by having Pangloss, just rebuked for thinking freely, still be amazed by the very idea that he was able to â€Å"discuss† such issues with him. Voltaire’s apparent solution to such problems with humanity – for it is difficult to detect a note of satire in the author’s tone during Candide’s final words – is to live a practical life, working in the figurative garden. Johnathan Swift similarly uses satire in both A Modest Proposal and Gulliver’s Travels to criticize European beliefs and institutions of the day. A Modest Proposal is a great example of a particularly effective satire as it not only criticizes an idea (in this case, longstanding beliefs in Europe, and especially Ireland, about poverty) but does so in a manner that draws the reader in and allows him to think through the use of satire. The opening passage establishes the poor conditions those in poverty live in, in a sympathetic and reasonable way. By then segueing into the outright grotesque and exaggerated solution for how to deal with such a problem – feed the poor children to the wealthy Swift immediately causes one to take notice of the severity of such uncaring empires and their attitudes. Thus, exaggeration is again an important device. The notion of who is speaking is also important. While the children in question are Irish, the speaker of the piece is an English man. This leads to the object of satire being the tyranny of England and their less than humane approach to dealing with problems such as poverty. The satire is of those such Englishmen being unaware of the cruelty and coldness in their own behavior, thinking only on behalf of how they can efficiently get logistical problems solved. The narrator in this piece this argues that the cure for Ireland’s economic troubles is to just to have the wealthy eat the poor children. The use of the term â€Å"breeders† with regards to the mothers also shows a dark undertone of satire and irony, as the initially sympathetic sounding narrator now equates the mothers with statistics, making him sound rather serious and thus ridiculous due to the eccentric and inhumane idea he has proposed. Such radical ideas, one can conclude, are exaggerations of the types of European attitudes at the time that Swift wished to criticize. In A Modest Proposal, Swift is generally satirizing a great deal of European problems, from the rigidity of government, to injustice to the cold logic of empires without a realistic view of humanity. Gulliver’s Travels takes a different route in the use of satire of European beliefs. Instead of allowing the reader to interpret the degree of ridiculousness in what a particular character is saying, Swift takes a more straightforward – yet equally effective – approach. This time, it is another character pointing out to the narrator, Gulliver, how absurd the ideals of England are when looked at from a critical perspective. The satire is, in this instance, achieved through Gulliver’s oblivious content to be an Englishman in an ironic contrast with the king’s critical questioning of the same institutions and systems that Gulliver seems proud of followed through to a negative conclusion. Thus, the ultimate object of this work’s satire is the people of England. Swift suggests that they, like Gulliver, for the most part foolishly accept the institutions of England passively and self-satisfied. If Gulliver is indeed to represent the typical English man, his naivety in understanding the faults of his own country are to be compared with the benign nature of the people of England, as Swift saw it. Also, Swift aims his criticism at the English government in the king’s questioning of how one is elected to power. He goes on to conclude that the English are quarrelsome people and meddle too far into the affairs of other nations, in a manner suggesting that the king’s thoughts are Swift’s own. The king’s culminating criticism of the English can in effect be credited to the very things Swift is ultimately satirizing: that the entire English system was formed and existed on the worst that cruelty, rage, madness and ambition could create. Both Voltaire and Swift effectively used the tool of satire as a means of exploiting problems in European society, and forcing them to be noticed as the flaws that they were. You can also order a custom written research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or essay on satire from our professional custom essay writing service which provides high-quality custom papers. Heres a list of possible essay topics on satire: 1. Satire in Huckleberry Finn 2. Gulliver’s Travels: The British Satire of Society Gulliver’s Travels 3. Satire in Candide 4. Satire Comparison betweeen The Rape of the lock and Gullivers Travels 5. Satire in Connecticut Yankee 6. Satire on Popes The Rape of the Lock 7. Satire in The Emperor’s New Clothes and Inflexible Logic 8. The Satire in Animal Farm 9. Wilmot’s Satire Against Reason and Mankind 10. Targets of Satire in Dr. Strangelove 11. Satire on College Admittance 12. Environmental Satire 13. The Relevence of Satires during the Cold War era A study comparing Dr. Strangelove and Thirteen Days

A Functionalist Perspective On Prison Sociology Essay

A Functionalist Perspective On Prison Sociology Essay Choose a social institution (i.e. family, education, religion, prison, economy, mass media) and explain it using the three major sociological perspectives: Functionalist Perspective Conflict Perspective Interactionist Perspective Sociological Perspectives 3 Abstract The social institution that I chose is prison; I chose the prison system because I wanted to see how prisoners are seen by society and why according to these three major perspectives. Functionalist Perspective – Functionalists such as Charles Darwin and Emile Durkheim view society as a system of highly interrelated structures or parts that operate harmoniously. (Tischler, pg. 21) The functionalist, interactionists they more so are subjective to the aspects of social life, instead of the objective structural aspects of social systems. The interactionists, is shifted away from stable norms and values, and toward continually readjusting the social process. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, such as Karl Marx and David Hume, view society as constantly changing in response to social inequality and social conflict. (Tischler, pg. 21) Sociological Perspectives 4 Crime-Functionalist Theory Functionalists believe that crime and deviance are inevitable and necessary for a society. Crime shows other member of the society what is right and wrong. Social consensus decides how right and wrong is determined. Crime can lead to social change, say the functionalists, because the existence of crime proves to the people in society that the government does not overly control the citizens. Crime can also help the economy of a society by creating jobs for law enforcement officers, psychiatrists, probation officers and the like. Even in the functionalist society, too much crime can be bad for the group, causing it to lose the standard harmony and eventually causing the society to collapse. (www.criminology.fsu.edu) Crime-Conflict Theory How conflict theorists see crime, and the laws governing them, are products of a struggle for power and control. According to the conflict theorist, a select few powerful individuals and groups make the laws, and those laws are enforced to outlaw any behavior that threatens their interests. The poor and powerless are much more likely to be arrested and convicted for serious crimes such as rape and murder, than the more powerful and wealthy. The crime rate among the poor is very high because of a lack of opportunities that were meant to improve the economical status and living conditions. The poor also lack education, skills, and a strong support system that is necessary for individuals to become productive, valued members of society (www.unc.edu).) Sociological Perspectives 5 Symbolic Interactionist Theory Sociology has another theory that could also explain race relations according to dominant and subordinate groups like whites and blacks in America is the Symbolic Interactionist theory. This theory focuses on how we â€Å"learn conceptions and meanings of racial and ethnic distinctions through interactions with others and how meanings, labels, and definitions affect racial and ethnic groups† (Mooney 176). One example the author uses is simply the difference in terms that use the word white and black and the difference in the connotations of these terms. For example, typically words that contain the word black are negative, such as blacklist, blackball, and black sheep. Studies clearly still demonstrate that whites are seen as more intelligent, harder working and more self-supporting than blacks. This labeling helps lead to the very thoughts we have about minorities, which in turn helps perpetuate their subordinate place in society.

Solid Mechanics Assignment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Solid Mechanics Assignment - Lab Report Example After the model was imported to ALGOR FEA the log was checked to ensure that there were no import errors or missing geometry. Then a fixed boundary condition was applied to the internal surface of the larger cylinder after which a normal force of 500 N was applied to the internal surface of the smaller cylinder. The application of a fixed boundary condition to one area of the model meant that the model was constrained from moving within that axis of rotation or translation. The model could either rotate on the longitudinal axis of the constrained cylinder or it could translate in either three directions (x, y and z). Implementing a fixed boundary condition indicates that the model is unable to move in any direction at all. Generally a fixed boundary condition can be considered analogous to a welded piece that is unable to move but can bend or flex under applied force. Though this may not simulate the actual conditions one on one (where the crank actually rotates though it does not tr anslate at all), but it does provide a satisfactory numerical investigation model. Furthermore the application of a normal force to the other cylinder’s internal surface indicates the application of normal average force when the crank will be in use. This application of force assumes that the pin attached to the smaller cylinder of the crank will be able to transmit the applied force at the pedal completely and uniformly all across the surface of the cylinder and that this force will be normal to the provided surface. However practically this is not going to be possible as the pin will bear some kind of clearance to ensure free rotation and the clearance in turn will mean that the pin will contact the cylinder non-uniformly. Moreover the pin’s contact will produce a normal force at areas with complete contact while they will produce slightly skewed forces where the cylinder only partially contacts the subject surface. This method of applying a force to the model is non ideal yet the approximation is tolerable enough because what will take place inside the cylinder is similar. Any differences in force will not be very significant so using normal force’s application is a viable technique. The model was given a material of Steel 4130 which was present in the software’s library. After this the model was meshed using default settings. After meshing the model was simulated for calculating the developed stress and for the FOS (factor of safety) calculations. The results for the first run are shown below. The mesh was redefined for element size (which was lowered) although the mesh was still based on a 4 point Jacobian approach. The newly meshed model was then simulated in order to see the effects of a changed mesh size on the numerical investigation. The results from the re-meshed run are shown below. The results above clearly indicate that the stress distribution levels and the FOS distribution did not change at all indicating that the pr evious mesh control was providing a mesh independent solution. Therefore for the purpose of this analysis and optimisation the previous mesh controls were re-implemented as a mesh independent solution had been achieved. The results above clearly show that the lowest FOS is very high which indicates a rather overdesigned scenario. The current situation dictates that the FOS ought to be around 3:1 for a viable design. In order to achieve a more suitable FOS the design was optimised for a